関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 21, 2026

12:04
Mouse Genome Engineering Using Designer Nucleases
Published on: April 2, 2014
まとめ
ネズミは,遺伝子の連続複製により,ネズミよりも多くのJk遺伝子を保有しています. 不平等なクロスオーバーイベントを含むこれらの重複は,ネズミのJk遺伝子ファミリーを拡大し,免疫システムの多様性に影響を与えました.
科学分野:
- 免疫遺伝学 免疫遺伝学
- 分子進化は分子進化である
- 比較ゲノミクスとは
背景:
- Jk遺伝子は,免疫グロブリン重鎖ロカスにおいて重要な構成要素であり,抗体多様性に寄与する.
- Jk遺伝子の進化と組織の理解は,免疫システムの発達と機能の洞察を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- LOUVAIN ネズミの肝臓からJk遺伝子の核酸配列をクローンし,決定する.
- ネズミのJk遺伝子レパートリーとマウスのJk遺伝子レパートリーを比較する.
- ネズミにおけるJk遺伝子ファミリーの拡大を誘発するメカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- ネズミの肝臓からJk遺伝子を含むDNAセグメントのクローン.
- 核酸配列を決定するための次世代配列化.
- 遺伝子識別と比較のためのバイオ情報分析.
主要な成果:
- ラットでは7つのJkコーディング領域が特定され,そのうち6つは表現可能であり,マウスでは5つ (表現可能4つ) であった.
- ネズミの2つの追加のJセグメントは,同類であるが不平等なクロスオーバーによる連続的な遺伝子重複の結果であった.
- ラットとマウスのJk遺伝子の間で,コード領域内外で高い配列保存が観察されました.
結論:
- ネズミのJk遺伝子レパートリーは,2つの異なる遺伝子複製イベントを通じて拡大しました.
- 特にホモロジーの増加によって促進される不平等なクロスオーバーメカニズムは,遺伝子の複製に重要な役割を果たしました.
- 保存されたヌクレオチド配列は,タンパク質機能とは無関係なJk遺伝子の規制上の制約を示唆する.
関連する概念動画
Epistasis
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
In-vitro Mutagenesis
To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Incomplete Dominance
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
Synteny and Evolution
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...

