まとめ
科学者たちは,Saccharomyces cerevisiaeの酵母遺伝子を特定し,ヒトのプロトオンコゲンに同質なタンパク質をコードしている. この発見は,ユカリオット全体で保存されたプロトオンコゲン機能を理解するのに役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- プロトオンコゲンは細胞調節において極めて重要であり,真核生物全体で保存されている.
- より単純な生物における遺伝子解析は,保存されたタンパク質の機能を明らかにすることができます.
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターとサッカロマイセス・セレヴィセアは,腫瘍遺伝子の同類体を研究するための潜在的なモデル生物である.
研究 の 目的:
- イーストのSaccharomyces cerevisiaeにおけるプロトオンコゲン配列を特定し,特徴づけること.
- 酵母由来タンパク質とヒト原発がん遺伝子製品との同質性を調査する.
- モデルユーカリオットの保存されたプロトオンコゲン要素の潜在的機能を調査する.
主な方法:
- 脊椎動物の腫瘍遺伝子に同質な配列のSaccharomyces cerevisiae DNAをスクリーニングする.
- 酵母における遺伝子識別と配列決定.
- 酵母由来タンパク質とヒトp21プロトオンコゲン製品を比較したタンパク質同質分析.
- イーストゲノム内の遺伝子マッピングと発現分析.
主要な成果:
- 206アミノ酸タンパク質 (YP2) をコードするSaccharomyces cerevisiae遺伝子の識別.
- YP2タンパク質は,ヒトのc-has/basプロトオンコゲンp21産物とウイルスrasタンパク質 (v-rasH,v-rasK) に著しい同質性を示しています.
- YP2遺伝子は,アクチンとチューブリン遺伝子の間の染色体VIに位置し,成長する細胞で発現します.
結論:
- Saccharomyces cerevisiaeは,真核原型オンコゲンに同類する遺伝子を有しており,機能が保存されていることを示唆しています.
- 特定された酵母タンパク質 (YP2) は,ヒトのp21タンパク質と,核酸結合能力などの機能的な類似性を共有している可能性があります.
- この発見は,保存された原発がん遺伝子の機能を研究するためのモデルシステムとして酵母を使用することを支持しています.
関連する概念動画
The Central Dogma
Overview
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
The Central Dogma
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
Cancer-Critical Genes I: Proto-oncogenes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes
Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...


