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Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
16:24

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

DNAの構造的多形性のパターンとその進化的意味合い

M A Keene, S C Elgin

    Cell
    |January 1, 1984
    PubMed
    まとめ
    この要約は機械生成です。

    マイクロコックスの核酵素は,ドロソフィラの独特なDNA分裂パターンを明らかにし,サイトは,配列をコードするのではなく,スペーサー領域に集中しています. この組織はおそらく,真核細胞のDNAをクロマチンに包装するのに役立ちます.

    さらに関連する動画

    Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
    09:32

    Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

    Published on: April 12, 2019

    Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
    04:52

    Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

    Published on: February 3, 2023

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

    Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
    16:24

    Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

    Published on: April 26, 2013

    Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
    09:32

    Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

    Published on: April 12, 2019

    Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
    04:52

    Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

    Published on: February 3, 2023

    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
    • クロマチンの構造 クロマチンの構造

    背景:

    • ユカリオットDNAはクロマチンに編成され,遺伝子のアクセシビリティに影響を与えます.
    • 核酸に対するDNAの感受性を理解することで,染色体構造の洞察が得られます.

    研究 の 目的:

    • ドロソフィラDNAのマイクロコッカ核酸分裂部位のパターンを分析する.
    • DNA分裂の感受性と遺伝子組織との関係を調査する.

    主な方法:

    • ドロソフィラの精製されたDNAは,マイクロコックスの核酵素によって二重鎖裂けにかけられました.
    • 20以上の遺伝子周辺の割れ部位をマッピングした.

    主要な成果:

    • 各種のドロソフィラ遺伝子を横断して,タンパク質をコードする領域の隣接する,スペーサー領域の主要な分裂部位の一貫したパターンが観察されました.
    • このパターンは,ヒトとマウスのグロービン遺伝子にも見られたが,プロカリオットDNA (pBR322,ファージラムダ) には存在しない.
    • ドロソフィラDNAの分裂部位の非ランダムな間隔は,195bpと411bpの頻繁な間隔を示した.

    結論:

    • 観察された遺伝子/スペーサー分裂パターンは,おそらく真核生物ゲノムの一般的な特徴である.
    • このDNAの構造的変異は,真核細胞のDNAをクロマチンに包装することを容易にするために進化したのかもしれない.