マウスの反復DNAの細胞系統特異的サブメチル化

V Chapman, L Forrester, J Sanford

Nature

|January 19, 1984

まとめ

胎児組織と比較して,DNAメチル化は胚外系 (トロフェクトダーム,プリミティブエンドダーム) で低い. これは,マウスの発達初期に異なった遺伝子調節メカニズムがあることを示唆している.

科学分野:

発達生物学発達生物学について
エピジェネティクスエピジェネティクス
ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは

背景:

トロフェクトダーム,プリミティブエンドダーム,プリミティブエクトダームを含む明確な細胞系は,マウスの胚形成の間に確立されます.
胚外組織 (トロフェクトダーム,プリミティブエンドダーム) は,胚および成人体内組織と比較して,不活性X染色体でのDNA改変レベルが低い場合があります.

研究の目的:

異なるマウスの胚性系統における重複するDNA配列におけるDNAメチル化パターンを調査する.
胚外系と胎児の間のDNAメチル化レベルを比較するために.

主な方法:

DNAの消化のためにHpaII/MspIイソスキゾーマーを使用した.
繰り返しDNAメチル化を評価するために,クローンされた探査機でサザンブラット分析を採用しました.

主要な成果:

トロフェクトダームとプリミティブエンドダームの誘導体における重複DNA配列は,実質的に低メチル化である.
この低メチル化は,成人の体内組織と原始的なエクトダーマ派生体で観察される高度なメチル化状態と対照的です.
発見は,胚外と胚内系統の間のDNAメチル化における有意な違いを示しています.

結論:

胚外系における観察された低メチル化は,独特の表遺伝子調節を示唆する.
特定の脱メチル化やde novoメチル化の阻害などのメカニズムが関与している可能性があります.
DNAの改変に依存する遺伝子調節は,胚外細胞と胚細胞の系統の間に違いがある可能性が高い.

さらに関連する動画

07:50

Immunohistochemical Detection of 5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in Developing and Postmitotic Mouse Retina

Published on: August 29, 2018

11:46

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Published on: December 14, 2018

関連する概念動画

01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...

02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

01:21

Lineage Commitment

Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:

01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

関連する実験動画