二色盲の二色盲症における2種類以上のコンの心理学的証拠
まとめ
二色化症と診断された一部の個人は,2つの型ではなく,3つの型を持っています. これらの異常なは,異常な三色体のと似ており,色彩視力の欠陥に関する既存のモデルに異議を唱えている.
科学分野:
- ビジョン ビジョン 科学 科学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- オフタルモロジック (眼科)
背景:
- ダイクロマシーなどの色覚障害は,従来,コンフォトピグメントの欠如または置換の結果として理解されています.
- X関連リセッシブカラービジョン障害は,視覚神経科学における重要な研究分野である.
研究 の 目的:
- ダイクロマシーと診断された個体における基礎的なコーン光色素の状態を調査する.
- 心理物理学的証拠を検証することによって,色の視力欠陥の既存のモデルに挑戦する.
主な方法:
- 双色色の個体におけるコーンの機能を評価するために,精神物理学的方法を活用する.
- コーンの応答のスペクトルおよび時間的感受性を分析する.
主要な成果:
- 精神物理学的証拠は,いくつかの二染色体は,予想される2つのタイプではなく,3つのコーンタイプを持っていることを示しています.
- これらの二色素体で見つかった異常な体は,スペクトルおよび時間的な感度が低下しています.
- これらのコンは,異常トライクロマットで観察された異常コンとスペクトルの感受性を共有しています.
結論:
- 発見は,X関連リセシブ色覚障害の既定の損失または置換モデルと矛盾しています.
- いくつかの二色素は,異常な三色素に見られる同じ3つの光色素を保持しているようで,色彩視力の欠陥のより複雑なメカニズムを示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
The Retina
The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.
Vision
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Anatomy of the Eyeball
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle layer, the vascular tunic,...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
Color Vision
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.


