関連する実験動画
Updated: Aug 17, 2026
14:26
Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
Published on: April 4, 2016
まとめ
研究者は,酵母染色体IIIからセントロメリックDNA (CEN3) を分離した. このDNAセグメントにより,プラズミドは細胞分裂と半分裂の間に安定した染色体として機能することができます.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- イースト遺伝学 イースト遺伝学
- 染色体生物学について
背景:
- セントロメアは,細胞分裂中の染色体分離に不可欠です.
- セントロメリックDNAの機能を理解することは,ゲノムの安定性を理解する鍵です.
- Saccharomyces cerevisiaeからの酵母中心型DNA (CEN3) は,よく研究されたモデルシステムです.
研究 の 目的:
- イースト染色体IIIからセントロメリックDNA (CEN3) を分離し,特徴づけること.
- CEN3がプラズミドに染色体特性を授与できるかどうかを判断する.
- CEN3を含むミニクロモソームのミトーシスおよびメオシス安定性を評価する.
主な方法:
- CEN3を含む1.6キロ塩基対のDNAセグメントを,CDC10の位置付近で分離した.
- CEN3を酵母染色体複製器でプラズミッドにクローンする.
- プラズミドの安定性と分離をSaccharomyces cerevisiaeのミトーシスとマイオシスで評価する.
主要な成果:
- CEN3を含む1.6kbのDNA断片が成功裏に分離されました.
- CEN3を宿すプラズミッドは,安定したミトーシス遺伝を示した.
- CEN3を含有するミニ染色体は,自然染色体を模倣して,両生分裂の間に正確に分離した.
結論:
- 隔離されたCEN3DNAセグメントは,プラズミドにセンターメリック機能を与えるのに十分である.
- CEN3は,プラズミドをミトーシスとマイオシスの両方で安定したミニ染色体として振る舞うことができます.
- この発見は,真核細胞におけるセントロメア構造と機能の理解に寄与する.
関連する概念動画
02:40Chromosome Structure
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
02:30Histone Variants at the Centromere
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
02:20Cohesins
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
02:15Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
02:25Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
02:02Meiosis II
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...