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関連する概念動画

Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
10:07

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

Published on: August 25, 2017

ソマティック細胞における遺伝子増幅と遺伝子補正

J M Roberts, R Axel

    Cell
    |May 1, 1982
    PubMed
    まとめ

    遺伝子移植は,哺乳類の細胞における遺伝的再編成を明らかにした. 関連遺伝子の増幅により,特定の突然変異のフェノタイプが生み出され,効率的なDNA補正メカニズムが示唆されている.

    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
    • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学

    背景:

    • 哺乳類の細胞は,重要な機能のために特定の遺伝子を利用します.
    • 遺伝子変異は,細胞のフェノタイプを変えることができます.
    • 遺伝子転送技術は,遺伝子の機能と調節の研究を可能にします.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 哺乳類の細胞における突然変異遺伝子を活性化する遺伝的再編成を特定する.
    • 遺伝子増幅と不活性化に伴うメカニズムを調査する.
    • 遺伝的均一性の維持におけるDNA補正メカニズムの役割を調査する.

    主な方法:

    • 野生型のaprtと断片化されたtk遺伝子を含んだプラズミッドを用いた遺伝子転送.
    • aprt- tk- 細胞の変容である.
    • aprt+およびtk+現象型を示す変容体の分析.
    • DNA増幅と変異性トランスクリプト形成の調査.

    主要な成果:

    • 単一プラズミドの統合により,aprt+ tk-フェノタイプが生じた.
    • Tk+変種は,リンクされたプラズミドDNAの20〜50倍増幅によって発生した.

    さらに関連する動画

    Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
    09:04

    Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

    Published on: September 25, 2019

    Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
    12:04

    Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

    Published on: March 10, 2023

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

    A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells
    10:07

    A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

    Published on: August 25, 2017

    Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
    09:04

    Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

    Published on: September 25, 2019

    Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
    12:04

    Engineering Oncogenic Heterozygous Gain-of-Function Mutations in Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

    Published on: March 10, 2023

  • 拡張されたaprt+ tk+クローンは,しばしばaprt- tk+変異体を生んだ.
  • 拡張されたDNA構造は,アプルト細胞の同一変異を示した.

    • 結論:

    • 遺伝子増幅は,特定の細胞現象型を生成するメカニズムです.
    • 哺乳類の細胞は,増幅DNAの配列均一性を維持するための効率的な補正メカニズムを持っています.
    • これらの発見は,遺伝的再編成とその機能的影響についての洞察を提供します.