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関連する概念動画

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

13.3K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K
Ribozymes02:47

Ribozymes

10.0K
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can...
10.0K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

3.1K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation
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Fast and Efficient Expression of Multiple Proteins in Avian Embryos Using mRNA Electroporation

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多数のmRNAは,鶏のリゾジーム遺伝子から生成されます.

M Grez, H Land, K Giesecke

    Cell
    |September 1, 1981
    PubMed
    まとめ

    研究者は鶏のリゾーシム遺伝子を配列化し,その5'ノンコーディング領域の長さが変数であることを明らかにしました. この発見は,ニワトリにおける遺伝子調節と転写開始の理解に影響を与えます.

    科学分野:

    • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
    • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
    • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

    背景:

    • 鶏のリゾーシム遺伝子は,遺伝子発現のよく研究されたモデルです.
    • 遺伝子調節を理解するには,隣接するDNA配列とmRNA構造の詳細な分析が必要です.

    研究 の 目的:

    • 鶏のリソ酵素遺伝子の5'側面領域のDNA配列を決定する.
    • 鶏のリソ酵素メッセンジャーRNA (mRNA) の5'ノンコーディング領域の異質性を調査する.
    • 転写開始に関与する潜在的な規制要素を特定する.

    主な方法:

    • 5'側面領域を含むPst 1断片のDNAシーケンシング.
    • 核RNAとmRNAの5'端を正確に位置づけるためにS1-核酵素マッピング.
    • 保存されたモチーフを特定し,他の遺伝子と比較するための配列分析.

    主要な成果:

    • 鶏のリソ酵素遺伝子の5'側面領域が配列化された.
    • リゾーシムmRNAの5'非コーディング領域で異質な長さの証拠が見つかり,端末はイニシアチブコドンより上流の29,31,53の核酸でマッピングされました.
    • バクテリアのRNAポリメラーゼ結合部位に似ているが,カノニカルなTATAボックスを欠いているATに富んだ領域は,転写開始部位の近くで特定されました.

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  • リソジーム,コンアルブミン,オバルブミン遺伝子の5'端を比較したところ,限られたホモロジーが見られた.

    • 結論:

    • 鶏のリソ酵素mRNAは,5'端の異質性を有意に示しています.
    • 特定された調節配列は,この遺伝子における転写開始のためのユニークなメカニズムを示唆しています.
    • 比較配列分析は,関連遺伝子の間で保存された規制要素の洞察を提供します.