関連する実験動画

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos
08:42

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 26, 2018

人間の胎児のグロービン遺伝子複製の歴史

S H Shen, J L Slightom, O Smithies

    Cell
    |October 1, 1981
    PubMed
    まとめ

    人間の胎児のグロービン遺伝子であるG・ガンマとA・ガンマは,約3400万年前に5kBのタンデム複製イベントから発生した. これらの遺伝子の間の遺伝子変換は,約100万年前に発生し,多遺伝子系における複雑な進化の動態を示しています.

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    Gene Families01:57

    Gene Families

    Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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    Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

    Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

    Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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    Genome Copying Errors

    DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
    Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

    Gene Duplication and Divergence

    The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
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    Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

    Duplication of Chromatin Structure

    The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
    The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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    Chromosome Duplication

    The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
    The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...