ネズミにおけるニトラオサミンの生物合成における二酸化窒素の役割
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 28, 1980
まとめ
窒素酸化物は,生物の中でN-ニトロソモルフォリンを形成する. この研究では,二酸化窒素への曝露が,マウスにおけるこの化合物の検出可能なレベルにつながることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 環境化学 環境化学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- モルフォリン (Morpholine) は,様々な産業用途で使用される化学化合物です.
- 酸化窒素は,健康への影響が知られている一般的な大気汚染物質です.
- N-ニトロソモルフォリン (N-nitrosomorpholine) は,潜在的に発がん性化合物である.
研究 の 目的:
- N-ニトロソモルフォリン in vivoの形成を調査する.
- 二酸化窒素の暴露とN-ニトロソモルフォリン濃度との関係を決定する.
- 生物学的システムにおける窒素酸化物のニトロゼーションの可能性を評価する.
主な方法:
- マウスはモルフォリンを採取し,さまざまな濃度の二酸化窒素にさらされた.
- サンプルは,被曝中の異なる時間点で採取されました.
- N-ニトロソモルフォリン濃度は,ガス染色学と熱エネルギー分析を用いて定量化されました.
主要な成果:
- N-ニトロソモルフォリンは,二酸化窒素にさらされたマウスで検出され,マウス1人当たり最大2.3マイクログラムの収穫量を得ました.
- N-ニトロソモルフォリンの形成は,二酸化窒素曝露の濃度と期間の両方に依存していました.
- 対照群は,軽微なレベルのN-ニトロソモルフォリン (マウス1人当たり<5ナノグラム) を示した.
結論:
- 酸化窒素は,in vivoで窒素化する可能性がある.
- 二酸化窒素への曝露は,哺乳類においてN-ニトロソモルフォリン (N-nitrosomorpholine) の形成につながる可能性があります.
- これらの発見は,窒素酸化物曝露に関連する潜在的な健康リスクを強調しています.
さらに関連する動画
08:23Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
Published on: February 16, 2022
10:12Measurement of Nitric Oxide Production in Mouse Tracheal Epithelial Cell Cultures Differentiated at the Air Liquid Interface
Published on: July 3, 2026
関連する概念動画
01:20Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism
Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
01:29Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
01:261° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
01:26Physical Properties of Amines
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
01:371° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.