ベータ・エンドルフィンは,桃体経由によるルテイン化ホルモンの分泌を変化させるが,視床下部経由による分泌は変化しない
Nature
|August 21, 1980
まとめ
ベータエンドルフィンは下垂体ホルモンの分泌に影響を与え,下垂体ではなく桃体に作用し,ルテイン化ホルモン (LH) の分泌を抑制します. この研究は,LHの調節におけるβ-エンドルフィンの作用部位を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 神経内分泌学の神経内分泌学
- オピオイドペプチドとは
- ホルモンの調節について
背景:
- モルヒンとエンケファリンは,下垂体ホルモン分泌を調節する.
- 視床下部は,伝統的にオピオイド誘発性下垂体調節の主な部位と考えられています.
- 固有のオピオイドは,下垂体を超えた多様な神経領域に存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- プラズマのルテイン化ホルモン (LH) レベルにベータエンドルフィンの影響を調査する.
- LHの分泌を制御するベータエンドルフィンの特定の作用部位を決定する.
主な方法:
- ベータエンドルフィンを特定の脳領域 (桃体と下垂体) に投与する.
- ベータエンドルフィンを投与した後の血のルテイン化ホルモン (LH) 濃度の測定.
主要な成果:
- ベータエンドルフィンは,直接杏仁核に投与すると,下垂体LH分泌を著しく抑制した.
- ベータエンドルフィンが下垂体に投与されたとき,LHの分泌に有意な効果は観察されなかった.
結論:
- 桃体は,視床下部ではなく,ベータエンドルフィンのLH分泌に対する抑制制御のための重要な部位です.
- これらの発見は, pituitary-gonadal axisのオピオイドペプチド調節のためのより複雑な解剖学的経路を示唆しています.
関連する概念動画
What is the Endocrine System?
The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
Feedback Loops
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Humoral stimuli,...
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.


