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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

16.6K
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
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アルファ4インテグリンは,リンパ球の結合と生理学的流れの下の転移を媒介する.

C Berlin1, R F Bargatze, J J Campbell

  • 1Department of Pathology, Stanford University, California 94305.

Cell
|February 10, 1995
PubMed
まとめ

アルファ4 (CD49d) インテグリンは,セレクトインとは独立して,シーアフロー下でリンパ球の粘着を開始します. これらのインテグリンは,β2インテグリンとは異なり,白血球の初期相互作用と結合に不可欠です.

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Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis
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科学分野:

  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
  • バイオフィジックス 生物物理学

背景:

  • 白血球-内皮細胞の相互作用は,免疫反応にとって極めて重要です.
  • セレクチンは,生理学的剪定下で白血球の転がりを開始し,インテグリン媒介による停止を先行する.
  • ベータ2 (CD18) インテグリンは,中性粒子の粘着のためにセレクトインの関与を必要とします.

研究 の 目的:

  • シャーフフロー下での白血球の粘着を開始するアルファ4 (CD49d) インテグリンの役割を調査する.
  • アルファ4インテグリンがセレクトインとは独立して粘着を媒介できるかどうかを判断する.
  • アルファ4インテグリン媒介付着のメカニズムを明らかにし,リガンド相互作用と地形表現を含む.

主な方法:

  • リンパ球の結合と回転を評価するためのインビトロ切断フローアッセイ.
  • リンパ球がlamina propria venulesに付着するインシット研究.
  • スキャン電子顕微鏡で,リンパ性細胞のインテグリン分布を視覚化します.

主要な成果:

  • アルファ4 (CD49d) インテグリンは,セレクトインの関与なしに,リンパ球の結合を開始します.
  • アルファ4インテグリンリンガンド (MAdCAM-1,VCAM-1) は,ロールサポートとアクティベーション依存停止.
  • アルファ4β7は,L-セレクチン独立のリンパ球結合を vivo で媒介する.
  • アルファ4ベータ7はマイクロビリに濃縮され,初期接触を容易にし,ベータ2インテグリンは除外されています.

結論:

  • アルファ4インテグリンは,ベータ2インテグリンではないが,フロー条件下で白血球の粘着を開始することができる.
  • マイクロビルのアルファ4インテグリンの地形的な表示は,粘着を開始する役割に貢献します.
  • これらの発見は,アルファ4インテグリンによって媒介されるリンパ球結合の開始のための明確なメカニズムを明らかにします.