メンタルテストのスコア,変動性,高得点の個人の数における性差
1Department of Education, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 7, 1995
まとめ
男性は,読書や記憶のタスクを除いて,メンタルテストのスコアでより大きな変動を示し,女性よりも高いスコアを示しています. 平均差は小さく,時間的に安定している.
科学分野:
- 心理学 心理学とは
- コグニティブ・サイエンス コグニティブ・サイエンス
- 教育的な測定方法について
背景:
- 認知能力における性差は広く研究されている.
- 矛盾する発見は,しばしば非代表的なサンプルから生じる.
- これらの違いを理解することは,教育と社会の公平性にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- メンタルテストのスコアにおける性差を,代表的な全国サンプルを用いて分析する.
- 中央傾向の変動,得点の変動,および性別間の高得点の流行を調査する.
- 認知能力における性差異の一貫性を時間とともに明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 6つの全国確率サンプルから得られたメンタルテストのスコアの分析.
- 中央傾向とスコア変動性の統計的検討.
- 男性と女性の高得点者数の比較.
主要な成果:
- メンタルテストのスコアの平均的な性別差は小さく,時間とともに安定しています.
- 男性は一貫して,女性と比較してテストスコアでより大きな差異を示しています.
- 男性は,読み解く能力,知覚の速度,および関連性記憶を除いて,高得点者の中で女性を大幅に上回ります.
結論:
- 平均的な認知能力は性差がほとんどないが,スコア分布は明確なパターンを示している.
- 男性のスコアの高差は,より極端なスコアを含む,より幅広いパフォーマンスを示唆しています.
- これらの発見は,認知能力における性差を理解するために,代表的なサンプリングの重要性を強調しています.
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