非ヒト霊長類における活性化因子Xの口服活性合成アンタゴニストの抗血栓作用
T Yokoyama1, A B Kelly, U M Marzec
1Division of Hematology and Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Circulation
|August 1, 1995
まとめ
口服用ファクターXA阻害剤であるAPAPは,FXaを無効化することによって,静脈型血栓形成を効果的に減少させました. しかし,それは動脈型の血栓に影響を与えず,標的の抗血栓的可能性を示唆しました.
科学分野:
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
- ヘモスタシスとトランボシス
背景:
- 活性化因子Xa (FXa) は,血液静止と血栓形成において重要な役割を果たします.
- FXaは,抗血栓性治療の開発の重要なターゲットです.
研究 の 目的:
- 経口によるFXa阻害剤であるAPAPの抗血静性および抗血栓性効果をバビオンで評価する.
- APAPの経口投与と親腸投与の有効性を比較する.
主な方法:
- バビオンの動脈静脈 (AV) シャントでは,動脈型と静脈型の両方の血栓を誘発するために,2つの成分からなる血栓生成装置を使用しました.
- 血小板の収納量,フィブリン蓄積量,フロー阻害量,および血栓形成の生化学的マーカーを測定した.
- APAPを経口および直接注射で投与し,血濃度および薬理学プロフィールを評価した.
- 評価されたFXa阻害は,血栓に結合したFXa.
主要な成果:
- APAPの直接注入は静脈型血栓形成 (血小板および線維素) を減少させたが,動脈型血栓は減少しなかった.
- 口服APAP (50 mg/kg) は5-12%の生物利用度を示し,静脈型血栓は減少したが,動脈型血栓は減少しなかった.
- 両方の投与経路は,活性化された部分血栓プラスティンの時間を延長し,血栓形成マーカーの上昇を予防しました.
- APAPは,投与量に依存した方法で,FXaを血栓に結合させることを阻害しました.
結論:
- 口服用FXa阻害剤APAPは,静脈型フィブリンに富んだ血栓形成を効果的に抑制する.
- APAPは,溶解性FXa.と結合性FXa.の両方を不活性化することによって,これを達成します.
- この薬は血小板の血静的機能を損なわないため,凝固カスケードに特異的な影響を及ぼすことが示されています.
関連する概念動画
Therapeutic Index
The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Antagonism
The combined effects of drugs can result in various interactions, of which an important type is antagonism. Antagonism is a mechanism where one drug inhibits or counteracts the effects of another drug. Antagonism can occur through various means, including receptor binding, allosteric modulation, functional interaction, chemical reactions, and pharmacokinetic processes.
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
The most common type is receptor antagonism, where one drug acts as an antagonist to block the effects of another drug by...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...


