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誘導変異論争とネオ・ダーウィニズム

R E Lenski¹, J E Mittler

¹Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 8, 1993

まとめ

ネオ・ダーウィンの理論はランダムな突然変異を提唱しているが,一部の研究は,細菌や酵母菌における指向的な突然変異を提唱している. しかし,さらなる実験は,指向型変異を裏付けるのに失敗し,これらの主張に異議を唱える.

科学分野:

進化生物学の進化生物学について
微生物遺伝学微生物遺伝学

背景:

ネオ・ダーウィンの理論は,ランダムな突然変異と自然選択が進化を駆動すると主張している.
最近の研究では,微生物で非ランダムな,指向された突然変異が起こる可能性があることを示唆しています.
誘導性突然変異の分子メカニズムの提案は,経験的な確認が欠けている.

研究の目的:

バクテリアと酵母菌における誘導性突然変異の主張を調査する.
誘導変異の実験的証拠を批判的に評価する.

主な方法:

誘導性突然変異を報告した研究のレビュー.
実験設計と制御の分析.
変異率の研究における集団動態の検討.

主要な成果:

誘導性突然変異を主張する研究は,しばしば適切なコントロールと人口動態の考慮が欠けている.
批判に対処する実験的アプローチは,指向された突然変異の存在を支持しません.
誘導性突然変異の証拠は依然として説得力がない.

結論:

現在の証拠は,指向された突然変異の存在を裏付けていません.
ランダム変異は,進化論における遺伝的変異の主なメカニズムである.
特定の条件下で指向型変異を決定的に排除または確認するために,さらなる厳格な研究が必要である.

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