ヒトヘルペスウイルス6による自然キラー細胞の感染
P Lusso1, M S Malnati, A Garzino-Demo
1Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Nature
|April 1, 1993
まとめ
ヒューマンヘルペスウイルス6 (HHV-6) は,自然キラー (NK) 細胞に感染し,それを殺します. この感染症はまた,NK細胞をヒト免疫不全ウイルス1型 (HIV-1) に敏感にし,免疫システムの抗ウイルス防御を弱める可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- ナチュラルキラー (NK) 細胞は,ウイルス感染症や癌に対する天生的免疫に不可欠です.
- 欠陥NK細胞活動は,既得免疫不全症候群 (AIDS) や慢性疲労症候群などの疾患で観察されています.
- ヒューマンヘルペスウイルス6 (HHV-6) は,Tリンパ球に感染することが知られているDNAウイルスです.
研究 の 目的:
- 機能的なNK細胞のHHV-6感染に対する感受性を調査する.
- HHV-6感染がNK細胞の機能と他のウイルスに対する感受性に対する影響を決定する.
- 障害のあるNK細胞活動に関連した疾患の病原性におけるHHV-6の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 機能的なCD3-NK細胞クローンの分離と培養.
- HHV-6によるNK細胞クローンの生産的な感染.
- 感染後のNK細胞の生存能力と機能の分析.
- 感染したNK細胞のCD4受容体発現をフローサイトメトリを用いて評価する.
主要な成果:
- 機能的に有能なNK細胞クローンは,HHV-6に生産的に感染した.
- HHV-6の感染は細胞病原性であり,NK細胞死につながった.
- 感染したNK細胞はCD4受容体の新たな発現を示した.
- 感染したNK細胞のCD4発現は,ヒト免疫不全ウイルス1型 (HIV-1) 感染の予備性をもたらした.
結論:
- HHV-6はNK細胞を直接標的とし,感染させ,先天性抗ウイルス免疫の重要な成分を損なう.
- NK細胞のHHV-6感染は,HIV-1の侵入と複製のための経路を作り出す可能性があります.
- このメカニズムは,ヘルペスウイルスが宿主の抗ウイルス防御を覆す可能性のある戦略を提供します.
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