透析センターでのHIVの感染
M Velandia1, S K Fridkin, V Cárdenas
1Colombian Field Epidemiology Training Program, Bogotá.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 3, 1995
まとめ
HIV感染はコロンビアの透析センターで発生し,注射針と機器の不適切な再処理が原因とされている. これは,医療施設における不適切な不妊化慣行に関連するリスクを強調しています.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 1993年,コロンビアで透析患者の間でヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染症の発生が検出されました.
- そのため,透析センター内の感染源と感染経路を特定するための疫学調査が必要となった.
研究 の 目的:
- 透析を受けている患者のHIV血清転換に伴う危険因子を決定する.
- 透析手順と機器を通じてHIVの感染の可能性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 1992年1月から1993年12月までのすべての透析患者を含むコホート研究が行われました.
- 方法には,医療記録と透析記録のレビュー,スタッフと患者のインタビュー,透析の実践の観察,およびHIV抗体の貯蔵血清の検査が含まれていました.
主要な成果:
- 23人中12人 (52%) の患者は,研究期間中にHIV抗体検査で陽性でした.
- 新しいHIV陽性患者がいた期間 (90%対0%) のHIV血清転換と透析と,アクセスの針,透析器,血統 (60%対0%) の再処理との間に有意な関連性が見られた.
- 患者のケア機器の不適切な再処理,特にベンザルコニウム塩化物を使用したアクセスの針は,おそらくの伝播メカニズムとして特定されました.
結論:
- 透析センター内でHIV感染が確認されました.
- アクセスニードルなどの重要な医療機器の不適切な再処理は,HIV感染の重大なリスクをもたらします.
- これは,同様の滅菌方法を使用している他の国々でも同様の検出されていないアウトブレイクの可能性を強調しています.
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