人種,社会経済的な地位,そして家庭内殺人
1Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA.
JAMA
|June 14, 1995
まとめ
人種ではなく社会経済的要因が,黒人集団における人種間家庭内殺人率の高さを説明している. 混雑と社会経済的地位の違いが,ニューオーリンズで観察された格差を完全に説明しています.
科学分野:
- クリミノロジー 犯罪学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学とは
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 人種間の家庭内殺人事件の割合は,黒人と白人の人口の間に大きな格差を示しています.
- 以前の研究では,これらの格差の潜在的な説明要因として,家計の混雑が示唆されていました.
研究 の 目的:
- ニューオーリンズの人種間家庭内殺人事件に関する以前のアトランタの研究の結果を複製するために.
- 黒人と白人の人口の殺人率の違いを説明する家計の混雑の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- ニューオーリンズで1979年から1986年にかけて発生した349件の人種間家庭内殺人事件を遡及的に分析した.
- 人種と家庭の混雑による殺人率の階層化.
主要な成果:
- 非分層分析では,黒人集団の殺人リスクが6.3倍高いことが示された.
- 家計の混雑によって層分化すると,黒人集団の殺人リスクの上昇は,もはや統計的に有意ではない (RR 1.2).
結論:
- ニューオーリンズの調査結果は,アトランタの研究を複製し,社会経済的地位の差異が,人種間の家庭内殺人における人種差異を完全に説明することを示しています.
- 顕著な残留差がないため,観察された殺人率に対する文化的説明が必要である.
関連する概念動画
01:14Fundamental Attribution Error
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is called the fundamental attribution...
02:12Relationship Formation
What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
02:16Stereotype Content Model
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence categorization, a person will feel...
01:28Conduct Disorder
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
01:29Close Relationships and Culture
Culture shapes how people approach attraction, choose partners, and build long-term relationships. While some preferences in mate selection appear consistent across cultures, such as men valuing physical attractiveness and women emphasizing financial resources, cultural contexts influence how these preferences are expressed and prioritized. Marriage extends beyond romantic ideals in many societies and is deeply embedded in social, economic, and religious frameworks.The Role of Culture in Mate...