哺乳類の発達中のアクチンの機能分析
M M Matzuk1, T R Kumar, A Vassalli
1Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030.
Nature
|March 23, 1995
まとめ
アクティビンベータAの欠乏は,マウスの頭蓋骨の欠陥や早期死亡を引き起こし,発達における重要な役割を明らかにします. 胚形成中にアクティビンベータAとアクティビンベータBの間の機能的な冗長性は見つかりませんでした.
科学分野:
- 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- アクティビンは,TGF-βスーパーファミリーの2次性メンバーで,脊椎動物に保存されています.
- 低脊椎動物におけるメソデルマ誘導と神経形成に関与しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類のアクティビンのインビボ機能を調査する.
- マウスの胚形成過程におけるアクティビンベータAとアクティビンベータBの役割を決定する.
主な方法:
- アクティビンベータAおよびアクティビンベータB遺伝子の変異を有するマウスの世代.
- ミュータントマウスにおける発達障害の分析.
主要な成果:
- アクティビンベータA欠乏症のマウスは出生後24時間以内に死亡し,口腔裂け目,胡须欠け,下肢切歯などの頭蓋骨の欠陥を示した.
- 両方のアクティウシンサブユニットが欠けているマウスは,個々の突然変異体の複合的な欠陥を示し,機能的な冗長性がないことを示しています.
- ジゴティックアクティビンの発現は,低脊椎動物とは異なり,マウスのメソデーム形成に不可欠ではありません.
結論:
- アクティビンベータAは,哺乳類の面発達に不可欠である.
- マウスの胚形成において,アクティビンベータAとアクティビンベータBの間の機能的な冗長性は存在しない.
- メソデーム形成におけるアクティビンの役割は,マウスと低脊椎動物の間で異なっています.
さらに関連する動画
06:57Analysis of Transforming Growth Factor ß Family Cleavage Products Secreted Into the Blastocoele of Xenopus laevis Embryos
Published on: July 21, 2021
06:49Analysis of Cell Differentiation, Morphogenesis, and Patterning During Chicken Embryogenesis Using the Soaked-Bead Assay
Published on: January 12, 2022
関連する概念動画
02:42Eukaryotic Transcription Activators
Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These domains are...
01:13Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins
The cytoskeleton is an essential cell component that plays several structural and functional roles. However, the filaments that make up the cytoskeleton cannot function independently and depend on the accessory or ancillary proteins to effectively carry out their function. Accessory proteins associate with cytoskeletal filaments and their monomers, aiding filament formation and function. They also help in the cross-communication among cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal accessory proteins are...
01:26Introduction to Actin
Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution. Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across different species.
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
01:15Activation of Integrins
Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.