リンフォトキシンベータは,TNFファミリーの新しいメンバーで,細胞表面上のリンフォトキシンとヘテロメア複合体を形成します
J L Browning1, A Ngam-ek, P Lawton
1Biogen Incorporated 14 Cambridge Center, Massachusetts 02142.
Cell
|March 26, 1993
まとめ
腫瘍死滅因子 (TNF) は炎症を誘発しますが,リンパ毒素α (LTα) の機能は不明でした. 研究者らは,TL alpha-LT beta複合体の独特の免疫的役割を示唆する,TNFと同質のタンパク質であるリンパ毒素β (LTβ) を特定しました.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 腫瘍死滅因子 (TNF) は,炎症反応の誘発因子として知られています.
- 構造的に関連した分子リンフォトキシン-α (LTα) の機能は不明でした.
- LTアルファは,活性化されたT細胞,B細胞,LAK細胞に33 kDaのグリコタンパク質を複合体として存在します.
研究 の 目的:
- リンフォトキシンベータ (LTベータ) の機能と,免疫調節におけるその潜在的な役割を調査する.
- LTα-LTβ複合体とそのTNFとの関係性について説明します.
主な方法:
- リンフォトキシンβ (LTβ) をコードするcDNAのクローン化.
- LTβ遺伝子の遺伝位置の分析.
- LTβホモロジーのTNF,LTα,CD40受容体リガンドとの比較.
主要な成果:
- リンパ毒素β (LTβ) は,TNFとLTααと有意な同質性を持つII型膜タンパク質として特定されました.
- LTβ遺伝子は,メジャー・ヒストコンパティビリティ・コンプレックス (MHC) の内にあるTNF-LTロカスに隣接しています.
- LTβ遺伝子を含むMHC領域は,自己免疫疾患の感受性に関連しています.
結論:
- LTアルファ-LTベータ表面複合体は,TNFと異なる免疫調節機能を有している可能性があります.
- TNF-LTロカスとMHCリンクへの遺伝的近接は,免疫反応と潜在的に自己免疫性における役割を示唆しています.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as SH2...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...


