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大学入学前の予防接種要件が,麻疹の発生リスクに与える影響
A L Baughman1, W W Williams, W L Atkinson
1National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|October 12, 1994
まとめ
国家が義務付けている入学前の予防接種要件 (PIRs) は,大学キャンパスでの麻疹の発生を大幅に削減します. PIRを持つ大学では,麻疹の症例が少なく,ワクチン接種政策が学生の健康にとって重要であることを強調した.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症のコントロール・コントロール
背景:
- 麻疹の発生は,人口密度が高いため,大学のキャンパスに重大なリスクをもたらします.
- ワクチン接種要件は,施設での感染症の伝播を制御するための重要な戦略です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の大学や大学における麻疹症例の発生率に対するプレマトリキュレーション予防接種要件 (PIR) の影響を評価する.
- 大学キャンパスでの麻疹の発生に関連する危険因子を特定する.
主な方法:
- 880のカレッジや大学を対象に実施された調査では,予防接種政策と1988年から1991年にかけての麻疹の発生データを評価した.
- 麻疹の導入リスクを分析するために,全国的な麻疹監視データは郡別調査データと統合されました.
- ロジスティック回帰モデルは,PIRやその他のリスク要因が麻疹の発生に及ぼす影響を決定するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- 州の義務付けられたPIRを持つ大学は,麻疹の発生を報告する確率が著しく低かった (調整RR = 0.30).
- 州規制の学校や2用量の麻疹ワクチンのPIR.で大規模な発症 (10例以上) は発生しなかった.
- レジデンシャル・カレッジと4年制の公立プログラムでは,広範囲にわたる麻疹の感染リスクが高く (≥5例).
結論:
- 研究結果は,麻疹の流行を緩和するために,大学生に対する義務的なワクチン接種政策を強く支持しています.
- PIRを義務付ける州の規制は,キャンパスでの麻疹の広範囲にわたる感染を防ぐために不可欠です.
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