遅延型過敏症,ミコバクテリアワクチン,保護性免疫
P E Fine1, J A Sterne, J M Pönnighaus
1Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 5, 1994
まとめ
マイコバクテリアの抗原に対する遅延型過敏症は,麻痺に対する保護を提供するが,結核に対する保護は提供しない. 低レベルの感受性は,環境への曝露と保護を示し得るが,継続的なワクチン誘発過敏性はBCGワクチンの有効性とは相関しない.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- マイコバクテリア感染症に対する免疫における遅延型過敏性の役割は,依然として議論されている.
- ワクチンによる免疫の相関性を理解することは,BCGのようなワクチンの改善に不可欠です.
- BCGワクチンの有効性は,集団によって著しく異なります.
研究 の 目的:
- 結核とハンセン病に対する保護のための遅延型過敏性の影響を調査する.
- ミコバクテリア性疾患に対するワクチン誘発の保護免疫の相関性を特定する.
- 過敏症とBCGワクチンの有効性との関係を明確にするために.
主な方法:
- マラウイの7万人以上の個人を対象とした大規模な将来性研究です.
- ミコバクテリアの抗原 (結核菌と麻痺のバチリ抗原) を用いた皮膚検査.
- 結核と麻痺の発生率に関する5年間の追跡調査,共変数に調整された発生率比率の分析.
主要な成果:
- BCGワクチン接種は,遅延型過敏症とは関係なく,麻痺に対する保護を提供しました.
- ワクチン接種を受けていない個体では,菌糸体抗原に対する過敏性は,麻痺に対する強力な保護と関連していました.
- 結核素過敏症と結核病の発生率の間には,J形の関係が観察され,最も低い発生率と関連した低度の感受性が観察されました.
結論:
- 遅延型過敏症は,結核と麻痺に対して異なる影響を及ぼします.
- 低レベルの過敏症は,環境性菌根菌による可能性があり,保護と関連しています.
- 継続的なワクチン誘発過敏症は,BCG誘発による,ミコバクテリア性疾患に対する保護の信頼性の高い相関値ではありません.
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