小児の空間的方向転換のための幾何学的プロセス
1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.
Nature
|July 7, 1994
まとめ
大人は,環境の幾何学とランドマークの両方を,幾何学だけに頼る幼い子供やネズミとは異なり,方向転換のために使用します. これは,空間ナビゲーション戦略の発展的変化を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
- 発達心理学の心理学について
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
背景:
- ネズミやヒト以外の霊長類は,環境の幾何学を使って方向転換します.
- ネズミのこの幾何学的な方向転換は,色や匂いなどの非幾何学的なシグナルに影響を受けません.
- これまでの研究は,空間的なタスクの幾何学的な情報への依存を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 成人のヒトが,ネズミのように,方向転換のために幾何学的な情報だけに依存しているかどうかを調査する.
- 大人と小児のリオリエンテーション戦略を比較する.
- 人間における空間的方向転換の発達軌道を理解する.
主な方法:
- 大人の人間と幼い子供たちに再方向化タスクが施されました.
- 環境の幾何学および非幾何学的な特徴 (例えば,色,匂い) が操作された.
- 性能は,幾何学的情報と非幾何学的情報の使用に基づいて評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 大人は,方向転換のために幾何学的な環境情報と非幾何学的な環境情報の両方を利用しました.
- 幼い子供は,成熟したネズミのように,幾何学的な情報のみを使用します.
- 非幾何学的なヒントは,再現しても,幼い子供の方向転換に役立ちませんでした.
結論:
- 人間の方向転換は,環境の幾何学と一致しています.
- 幼い子供の空間的方向転換は,利用可能な非幾何学的な情報に関係なく,幾何学的なヒントに限定されます.
- 幾何学的な情報と非幾何学的な情報を統合する能力は,人間の成熟期に発達する.
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