米国における結核の疫学,1985年から1992年
M F Cantwell1, D E Snider, G M Cauthen
1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|August 17, 1994
まとめ
結核 (TB) の症例は,1985年から1992年にかけて増加し,主に少数派,若年,外国生まれの人の間で増加しました. ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染症は,特定の人口集団における結核の罹患率に著しく影響し,伝播率の増加を示しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症 感染症とは
背景:
- アメリカ合衆国は,1985年から1992年の間に結核 (TB) の罹患率が著しく上昇した.
- この結核の増加の人口分布と起源を理解することは,公衆衛生の介入にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 1985年から1992年にかけての米国における結核症例の急増に寄与した分布と主要な原因を調査する.
主な方法:
- 1980年から1992年の間に疾病管理予防センター (CDC) に報告された結核の監視データの分析.
- 報告された結核症例の性別,人種/民族,年齢,出生地,病気の場所,場所,社会経済的地位による変化の検討.
- 観測されたデータを1980年から1984年に推計された傾向と比較することによって,過剰な結核病例の推定.
主要な成果:
- 結核患者の増加は,人種/民族の少数派,25歳から44歳までの個人,男性,および外国生まれの住民に集中しました.
- 外国生まれの個人は,米国の結核病例の総増加の60%を占めた (1986-1992).
- ヒト免疫不全ウイルス (HIV) 感染は重要な要因であり,特に白人,黒人,男性,および25~44歳の集団の結核の罹患率に影響を与えた. 4歳未満の子供における結核症例の36%の増加は,感染の拡大を示唆しています.
結論:
- 移民とHIV併感染を含む,複数の要因が結核症例の増加に寄与した.
- 移民における結核検診の有効性のさらなる評価を推奨する.
- 高リスク集団における結核とHIVの拡大スクリーニングは必要である.
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