まとめ
昆虫のより大きなゲノムは,より大きなhnRNAトランスクリプトと,mRNAへの変換率が低いと相関する. これは,ゲノムサイズが大きくなるにつれて,より多くのDNAがhnRNAに転写されることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 比較トランスクリプトミクス
背景:
- 異質な核RNA (hnRNA) 処理をディプテラ昆虫で調査しています.
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスター (より小さなゲノム) とエイデス・アルバピクトス (より大きなゲノム) を比較する.
研究 の 目的:
- 異なるゲノムサイズを持つ2つのディプテラ種間の hnRNAトランスクリプトサイズと hnRNA-to-mRNA変換効率を比較する.
- ゲノムサイズがhnRNA処理とポリアデニレーションに影響するかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ドロソフィラ・メラノガスターとエイデス・アルバピクトスの細胞培養.
- hnRNAのトランスクリプトサイズとmRNAのサイズ/配列の複雑さの測定.
- ラベリング運動を用いた hnRNA から mRNA への変換率の定量化.
- hnRNA.HnRNAにおけるポリー (poly) A) 含有量の分析
主要な成果:
- Aedes albopictusは,Drosophila melanogasterよりもかなり大きな hnRNAトランスクリプト (2-2.5倍) を生成し,そのより大きなゲノム (5-6倍) と相関しています.
- mRNAのサイズと配列の複雑さは,この2つの種間で類似しています.
- hnRNAからmRNAへの変換効率は,ドロソフィラ (20%) と比較して,エデス (3.3%) ではるかに低い.
- ドロソフィラ hnRNAは,アデス hnRNA.より高いポリ (A) 含有量を示しています.
結論:
- hnRNAのトランスクリプトのサイズは,ディプテラ族内のゲノムサイズに伴い増加します.
- より大きなゲノムは,より低い割合の hnRNA が成熟した mRNA に処理されていることと関連しています.
- mRNA形成に比べて hnRNAへのDNA転写の増加は,より大きなゲノムを持つ種で起こります.
関連する概念動画
piRNA - Piwi-interacting RNAs
7.9K
PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
7.9K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing
8.5K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.5K
Exon Recombination
4.3K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.3K
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs
19.0K
Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
19.0K


