中央パターン発生器回路に固有のシナプス強さのダイナミックな神経調節
P S Katz1, P A Getting, W N Frost
1Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77225.
Nature
|February 24, 1994
まとめ
運動回路内のニューロンは,そのシナプス特性を動的に制御し,この現象は内在神経調節と呼ばれる. このプロセスはセロトニンによって媒介され,トリトニア・ディオメディアの脱出泳ぎと学習に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- モーター・コントロール・コントロール
- シナプスの可塑性
背景:
- モーター回路は,通常,神経調節系と区別される.
- 背面水泳内ニューロン (DSI) は,トリトニア・ディオメディアの脱出水泳中央パターン発生器の一部である.
研究 の 目的:
- 運動ニューロンと神経調節系との機能的関係を研究する.
- モーター回路内のニューロンが自体のシナプス特性を調節できるかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- トリトニア・ディオメディアの電気生理学的記録.
- 背面水泳内ニューロン (DSI) の刺激.
- セロトニン (5-ヒドロキシトリプトミン) を調製に用いること.
主要な成果:
- DSI刺激は,脱出水泳回路内のシナプスポテンシャルを高めます.
- この増強は,DSIがセロトニン-免疫反応性であるため,セロトニンによって媒介されます.
- セロトニンの適用は,DSI誘発効果を模倣し,遮断し,本質的な神経調節を確認します.
結論:
- モーター回路内のニューロンは,動作中のシナプス強さを本質的に調節することができます.
- DSIによる内在神経調節は,脱出決定,運動プログラム生成,学習に役割を果たす可能性があります.
- この発見は,独立した運動系と神経調節系という伝統的な見解に異議を唱える.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
01:17Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field
Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
01:25Electric Generator: Alternator
Electric generators induce an emf by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. A simple alternator is an AC generator that creates electrical energy that varies sinusoidally with time. A simple alternator consists of a conducting loop that is placed inside a uniform magnetic field. The loop is connected to split rings connected to the external circuit with the help of brushes.
The magnetic flux passing through the coil varies sinusoidally as the loop rotates inside the magnetic field. This...
The magnetic flux passing through the coil varies sinusoidally as the loop rotates inside the magnetic field. This...
01:19DC Generator
An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
01:24Generation of Action Potential in Skeletal Muscles
Every cell in the body maintains a membrane potential due to an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges across its plasma membrane. The membrane potential is measured in millivolts and quantifies the difference in charge across the membrane.
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
Like neurons, muscle cells are also regarded as excitable due to their capacity to change in response to stimuli, primarily due to voltage-gated ion channels embedded in their plasma membranes, which get activated by alterations in the cell's...
01:20Motor Unit Stimulation
When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
01:21Generator Voltage Control
Generator voltage control is crucial for maintaining the stable operation of synchronous generators and wind turbines. In older models, a DC generator driven by the rotor delivers DC power to the rotor's field winding, and the power is transferred through slip rings and brushes. In the latest models, static or brushless exciters are used. Static exciters rectify AC power from the generator terminals and then transfer the DC power directly to the rotor. Brushless exciters, on the other hand, use...