プログラム細胞死と細胞生存の制御:神経系から学ぶこと
M C Raff1, B A Barres, J F Burne
1Developmental Neurobiology Programme, University College London, United Kingdom.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 29, 1993
まとめ
脊椎動物の神経系発達の過程で,多くのニューロンは,標的細胞からの神経栄養素因子が不十分であるため,プログラム細胞死を経験します. この生存シグナル伝達メカニズムは,様々な脊椎動物の細胞タイプにおける細胞数を調節する可能性があります.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達生物学 発達生物学について
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 大規模なニューロン細胞死は,脊椎動物の神経系の発達中に起こります.
- このプログラムされた細胞死は,シナプス結合の形成と関連しています.
- ニューロンは,生存のために標的細胞からの神経栄養因子を必要とします.
研究 の 目的:
- ニューロンの数を調節するニューロントロフィック要因の役割を調査する.
- 脊椎動物における細胞生存シグナル伝達の一般的なメカニズムを探求する.
- 生存シグナルが,細胞の内在的な自殺プログラムを抑制する方法を理解するためです.
主な方法:
- 脊椎動物におけるニューロンの発達に関する観察研究.
- ニューロンの神経栄養因子生産と吸収の分析.
- 細胞生存に関与する細胞信号伝達経路の調査.
主要な成果:
- 発達中のニューロンの最大50%は細胞死を経験します.
- 十分なニューロトロフィク因子を獲得できないことが,神経細胞死の主な原因です.
- 生存信号は,構成的に表現された細胞内在の自殺プログラムを抑制しているようです.
結論:
- ニューロントロフィックファクターは,ニューロンの生存率と数を調節する上で重要な役割を果たします.
- 本質的な自殺プログラムの抑制を含む一般的な細胞生存メカニズムは,様々な脊椎動物の細胞タイプにおける細胞数を調節する可能性があります.
- これらのメカニズムを理解することは,発達生物学と再生医療にとって極めて重要です.
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