遺伝的非ポリポシス結腸直腸がんにおける mutS ホモログの変異
F S Leach1, N C Nicolaides, N Papadopoulos
1Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231.
Cell
|December 17, 1993
まとめ
研究者らは,遺伝性非ポリポシス結腸直腸がん (HNPCC) に関する遺伝子を特定した. この不一致修復遺伝子の変異は,HNPCC患者とその腫瘍で発見され,疾患におけるその役割を確認しました.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 腫瘍学 腫瘍学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 遺伝性非多重性大腸直腸がん (HNPCC) は,特定の染色体位置と関連しています.
- HNPCC患者の腫瘍は,RER+フェノタイプとして知られるマイクロサテライト配列の変化を示します.
研究 の 目的:
- HNPCCの原因となる特定の遺伝子を特定する.
- HNPCCの病原性におけるDNA不一致修復遺伝子の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 染色体マイクロ解剖を用いて,染色体2p16.2からマーカーを分離した.
- ソマティック細胞のハイブリッドを使用して0.8Mbの臨界間隔を定義するオーダーされたマーカー.
- この間隔内の候補遺伝子をマッピングし,その配列を遺伝子変異のために分析しました.
主要な成果:
- 0.8Mbの区間内で,mutS不一致修復遺伝子のホモロジーを持つ候補遺伝子を特定しました.
- HNPCCファミリーで,終末コドンを原因とするものを含む生殖系変異が検出されました.
- RER+腫瘍細胞の体内および生殖系突然変異が確認され,この遺伝子がHNPCCに関与している.
結論:
- 特定されたmutSホモログは,遺伝性非多重性大腸がんの原因となる遺伝子として強く関与しています.
- この発見は,HNPCCの分子基盤を提供し,遺伝子検査と標的療法への道を開きます.
関連する概念動画
Mismatch Repair
Overview
Mutations
Overview
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
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The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...


