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関連する概念動画

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides01:18

Carboxylic Acids to Acid Chlorides

Carboxylic acids react with SOCl2 or PCl5 to form acid chlorides. Amongst the carboxylic acid derivatives, acid chlorides are the most reactive and synthetically important derivatives. They are useful reagents for Friedel–Crafts acylation of some aromatic compounds.
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay
11:38

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

cPLA2はMAPキナーゼによってリン酸化され,活性化されます.

L L Lin1, M Wartmann, A Y Lin

  • 1Genetics Institute, Small Molecule Drug Discovery Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140.

Cell
|January 29, 1993
PubMed
まとめ

ミトゲン活性化タンパク質 (MAP) キナーゼは,セル-505.5でシトソリックフォスホリファーゼA2 (cPLA2) をリン酸化し,活性化します. このMAPキナーゼ媒介の活性化は,アゴニスト誘発によるアラキドン酸の細胞内放出に不可欠である.

科学分野:

  • 細胞の信号伝達経路は,
  • 酵素学 酵素学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • アゴニスト刺激は,細胞塩基のフォスフォリファーゼA2 (cPLA2) の活性化とセリンリン酸化を含むアラキドン酸の放出を誘発する.
  • cPLA2の活性化を調節する正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • cPLA2.2の活性化におけるミトゲン活性化タンパク質 (MAP) キナーゼの役割を調査する.
  • MAPキナーゼが標的とするcPLA2の特定のリン酸化部位を特定するために.

主な方法:

  • インビトロキナーゼアッセイでは,cPLA2がMAPキナーゼの基質であるかどうかを決定する.
  • 特定されたリン酸化部位 (Ser-505) をアラニンで置き換えるサイト指向型変異.
  • 野生型および変異型cPLA2を発現する細胞におけるcPLA2酵素活性とアラキドン酸の放出の評価2.

主要な成果:

  • cPLA2は,MAPキナーゼの直接基板として特定されました.
  • MAPキナーゼによるcPLA2のリン酸化により,その酵素活性が著しく増加した.
  • セリン-505は,cPLA2.2のMAPキナーゼ媒介型リン酸化の主な部位として特定されました.

さらに関連する動画

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
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LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
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A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 28, 2026

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay
11:38

Visualization and Quantification of TGFβ/BMP/SMAD Signaling under Different Fluid Shear Stress Conditions using Proximity-Ligation-Assay

Published on: September 14, 2021

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation
06:12

LPS and ATP-induced Death of PMA-differentiated THP-1 Macrophages and its Validation

Published on: May 3, 2024

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2
10:31

A Liposome Membrane Permeability Assay for Investigating the Effects of Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Groups on Membranotropic Action of Venom PLA2

Published on: September 26, 2025

  • アラニンでセル-505が置換された変異したcPLA2は,MAPキナーゼによってリン酸化されず,アゴニスト刺激によるアラキドン酸の放出が著しく減少した.

    • 結論:

    • MAPキナーゼは,アゴニスト誘発によるcPLA2.2の活性化を媒介する上で重要な役割を果たします.
    • MAPキナーゼによるSer-505でのcPLA2のリン酸化は,アラキドン酸の放出を調節する重要なステップです.