アメリカ合衆国における実際の死因
1US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201.
JAMA
|November 10, 1993
まとめ
タバコ,食事,アルコールなどの主要な外部要因は,米国での死亡に大きく貢献しています. 1990年の全死亡の約半分は,これらの予防可能な原因に関連しており,公衆衛生上の優先事項を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 保健政策 保健政策 保健政策
背景:
- 外部的,遺伝的でない要因は,米国における死亡率に大きな影響を及ぼします.
- これらの要因の定量的な影響を理解することは,効果的な公衆衛生介入に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国における死亡率に寄与する主要な外部 (非遺伝的) 要因を特定し,定量化する.
- 予防可能な死亡の負担に基づいて,健康政策の優先順位を形作るためのデータを提供する.
主な方法:
- 1977年から1993年の間に出版された論文のメドラインからの体系的なレビュー,引用,専門家による協議.
- 政府の報告や重要な統計データを包括的な分析のために含める.
- 実際の数値,受け入れられた推定値,計算された推定値を用いた定量評価,複雑な要因に対する保守的なアプローチ.
主要な成果:
- タバコの使用が主な死因であり,1990年に推定40万人の死者を出した.
- ダイエットと運動パターン (300,000人の死亡) とアルコール消費 (100,000人の死亡) も大きな要因でした.
- その他の重要な要因には,微生物剤,有毒剤,銃器,性行為,自動車,違法薬物使用が含まれています.
結論:
- 1990年の米国における全死亡の約半分は,特定された外部要因に起因していた.
- これらの要因は,公衆衛生に相当な負担を及ぼしており,政策決定におけるその重要性を強調しています.
- 罹病率と生活の質への影響は定量化されていないが,その発見は健康政策の策定を導く.
さらに関連する動画
06:55Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
Published on: January 8, 2020
06:16Signal Acquisition, Score Interpretation, and Economics of a Non-Invasive Point-of-Care Test for Coronary Artery Disease
Published on: August 9, 2024
関連する概念動画
Cancer Prevention
Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Some...
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis
The nurse documents nursing diagnoses and enters them into the patient record. The identified patient's nursing diagnosis is either written out with a plan of care or entered into the electronic health record.
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters assessment...
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters assessment...
Other Pulmonary Disorders
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Causality in Epidemiology
Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
Actuarial Approach
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
