変異拡張部位アレルの色素化フェノタイプは,MSH受容体機能を変更する点変異から生じる
L S Robbins1, J H Nadeau, K R Johnson
1Vollum Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201.
Cell
|March 26, 1993
まとめ
マウスの拡張部位は,メラノサイト刺激ホルモン (MSH) 受容体をコードし,毛皮の色に影響します. この遺伝子の変異は,受容体の機能を変化させることで,黄色または暗いコート色のいずれかを引き起こす.
科学分野:
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 哺乳類の毛皮の色の決定方法
背景:
- 馬,犬,キツネ,ネズミを含む哺乳類の毛皮の色の変化は,拡張部位にあるアレルによってしばしば制御されます.
- エクステンション・ロカスにおける支配的なアレルは,濃いコート色と関連しており,後退性アレルは,より明るいまたは黄色いフェノタイプと関連しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ネズミの延長部位によってコードされた遺伝子を識別するために.
- エクステンション・ロカスにおける異なるアレルが毛皮の色に影響を与える分子メカニズムを解明する.
主な方法:
- マウスにおける毛皮の色変異の遺伝子解析.
- 拡張局部とその暗号化されたタンパク質の分子特性.
- ミュータントのメラノサイト刺激ホルモン (MSH) 受容体の機能研究.
主要な成果:
- ネズミの延長部位は,メラノサイト刺激ホルモン (MSH) 受容体をコードする.
- 黄色のリセシブアレル (e) は,フレームシフト変異の結果であり,機能しないMSH受容体に繋がります.
- 支配的なメラニゼーションアレル (Eso, Eso-3J, Etob) は,点変異により多発性MSH受容体を活性化させ, Eso-3Jは構成活性化, Etobはホルモンの反応性を高める.
結論:
- MSH受容体は,マウスにおける毛皮の色の重要な調節因子である.
- MSH受容体遺伝子の特定の変異は,受容体活性を変えることで,異なるコート色のフェノタイプにつながる可能性があります.
- これらの遺伝的メカニズムを理解することで,哺乳類の色素化に関する洞察が得られます.
関連する概念動画
Epistasis
37.4K
In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
37.4K
Pleiotropy
31.3K
Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
31.3K
Mismatch Repair
38.2K
Overview
38.2K
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
5.9K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
5.9K
Epistasis Analysis
4.9K
Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
4.9K
Mismatch Repair
5.4K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
5.4K


