アフィニティ成熟は,カッパの軽鎖トランスゲンの複数のコピーの微分発現につながります
1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
Nature
|May 20, 1993
まとめ
ソマティック・ハイパーミューテーションは,抗体の軽鎖トランスゲン発現に影響を与えます. LK6マウスでは,あるトランスゲンコピーの有益な突然変異は,他のトランスゲンのダウンレギュレーションにつながり,抗体産生に影響を与えます.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 抗体応答の成熟には,体的ハイパーミューテーションが伴う.
- トランスジェニックの動物モデルは,免疫系プロセスを研究する上で極めて重要です.
- LK6マウスは,特定の軽鎖トランスゲンの複数のコピーを携えている.
研究 の 目的:
- 抗体軽鎖トランスゲン発現に対するソマティック・ハイパーミューテーションの影響を調査する.
- 有益な突然変異がハイブリドトームのトランスゲン複製表現にどのように影響するか分析する.
- 抗体親和性の成熟に関与する規制メカニズムを理解する.
主な方法:
- LK6マウスにおける二次免疫反応によるハイブリドーマの生成と選択.
- 複数の遺伝子発現レベルでのトランスゲン発現の分析.
- 変異のメッセンジャーRNAレベルと抗体相性との相関.
主要な成果:
- ソマティックハイパーミューテーションは,抗体軽鎖トランスゲンの発現に悪影響を及ぼす可能性があります.
- 抗原的選択は,有益な突然変異が生じるときに,非変異またはより有益なトランスゲンコピーのダウンレギュレーションを好みます.
- トランスゲンの無意味な突然変異は,メッセンジャーRNAレベルの低下と相関し,転写後の調節を示す.
結論:
- ソマティックハイパーミューテーションのプロセスは厳しく規制されており,抗体トランスゲンの複雑な発現パターンにつながる可能性があります.
- 抗原の選択は,抗体親和性の成熟過程でトランスゲンの発現を形作る上で重要な役割を果たします.
- mRNAレベルを含む遺伝子発現の調節は,抗体反応の適応における重要な要因である.
関連する概念動画
01:57Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
02:32Position-effect Variegation
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
02:04Polytene Chromosomes
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...
02:32Exon Recombination
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes.
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
01:22T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...