アメリカ大陸における麻疹の撲滅. 戦略を発展させる
C A de Quadros1, J M Olivé, B S Hersh
1Special Program for Vaccines and Immunization, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
JAMA
|January 17, 1996
まとめ
日常的な予防接種にもかかわらず,麻疹の流行は継続しています. アメリカ大陸での補足ワクチン接種キャンペーンは,成功裏に麻疹の伝播を中断し,撲滅のための実行可能な戦略を示しました.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- ワクチン学 ワクチン学
背景:
- ルーティン予防接種は,連続した出生コホートをターゲットにすることで,麻疹を制御することを目的としています.
- ワクチン接種率の増加にもかかわらず,麻疹の流行は,世界的に公衆衛生上の大きな課題であり続けています.
- 過去の戦略では,多くの地域で麻疹の感染を完全に根絶することができなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 麻疹の伝播を中断するために,キャッチアップワクチン接種キャンペーンの有効性を評価する.
- 大量ワクチン接種イニシアチブに続く麻疹撲滅の取り組みの持続可能性を評価する.
- ワクチン接種戦略と連携した強化された監視システムの影響を分析する.
主な方法:
- 9ヶ月から14歳までの子どもを対象とした,短期間で一度の"追いつく"ワクチン接種キャンペーンを実施する.
- 改善された定期ワクチン接種サービスと強化された疾病監視システムの統合.
- 小児の定期的なフォローアップの大量ワクチン接種キャンペーンを計画する.
主要な成果:
- キューバ,チリ,英語圏のカリブ海諸国など,アメリカ大陸のいくつかの国で麻疹の伝播が中断されています.
- この地域の残りのすべての国で,麻疹の感染が成功裏に制御されています.
- 実施された戦略は,麻疹撲滅目標の達成と維持に有望であることを示しています.
結論:
- 一回限りのキャッチアップワクチン接種キャンペーンと,強化された日常的なサービスと監視は,麻疹の伝播を中断するのに効果的です.
- この包括的なアプローチは,様々な環境における麻疹撲滅の取り組みのための持続可能なモデルを提供します.
- 継続的なモニタリングと定期的なフォローアップキャンペーンは,麻疹フリー状態を維持するために不可欠です.
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