人生の終わりにコスト削減. データは何を示しているのか?
1Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Control, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
JAMA
|June 26, 1996
まとめ
ホスピスと事前指示は,予期していたよりも少ないものの,終末期ケアに大幅なコスト削減をもたらします. これらの介入は患者の自律性を強化し,その価値と潜在的な経済的利益のために奨励されるべきです.
科学分野:
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
- 緩和ケアとは,緩和ケアです.
- 医療倫理 医療倫理について
背景:
- 終末期医療は,医療予算の相当な部分を占めています.
- ホスピスと事前指示によるコスト削減の可能性は広く議論されているが,決定的な証拠は欠けている.
- 既存の研究は,選択バイアスやさまざまなコスト評価を含む方法論的な課題を提示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- ホスピスと事前指示に関連する最終的なコスト削減を評価する.
- 終末期介護費用に関する以前の研究における方法論的限界に対処するために.
- 患者中心の介入の奨励に関する政策と実践を啓発する.
主な方法:
- ホスピスのランダム化および非ランダム化試験のレビューと分析,および事前指示.
- コスト削減の評価に影響を与える方法論的な問題点を特定し,議論する.
- 異なる時間枠における潜在的なコスト削減を推定するために,既存のデータの統合.
主要な成果:
- ランダム化試験では,多くの場合,サンプルサイズが小さいか,方法論が欠陥があるため,重要な節約は示されなかった.
- 非ランダム化試験では,幅広い範囲の節約が報告されました (0%から68%).
- 推定貯蓄は,人生の最後の1ヶ月で25-40%の範囲にあり,過去12ヶ月で0-10%に減少しています.
結論:
- 費用の節約は一般的に考えられているよりも少ないが,ホスピスと事前指示は費用対効果的です.
- これらの介入は,終末期の意思決定における患者の自律性を促進します.
- ホスピスと事前指示の奨励は,それらの価値と潜在的な経済的利益のために推奨されます.
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