pituitaryと hypothalamusの受容体で,成長ホルモンの放出で機能する
A D Howard1, S D Feighner, D F Cully
1Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
まとめ
成長ホルモン分泌薬 (GHSs) は,下垂体と下垂体にある新たに特定されたGタンパク質結合受容体 (GPC-R) に作用することによって,成長ホルモン (GH) の放出を刺激する. この発見は,GHの調節のための新しい神経内分泌経路を明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 神経内分泌学の神経内分泌学
- 分子内分泌学は分子内分泌学である.
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
背景:
- 成長ホルモン分泌剤 (GHSs) と呼ばれる小さな合成分子は,成長ホルモン (GH) の脈動性放出を刺激します.
- GHSの作用を媒介する正確な分子標的と経路は,以前は特徴づけられていなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- GHSsの分子標的を特定し,特徴づけること.
- GHS媒介によるGHの放出に関与する神経内分泌経路を解明する.
主な方法:
- 豚およびヒトの pituitaryおよび hypothalamic 組織からヘトロトリメルGTP結合タンパク質 (Gタンパク質) 結合受容体 (GPC-R) のクローニング.
- クローンされたGPC-R.の薬理学および分子特性.
主要な成果:
- GPC-Rは,下垂体と下垂体におけるGHSの直接標的として特定されました.
- クローンされたGPC-Rは,GHの放出を制御する重要な脳領域に局所されており,アーキュアート・ベントロメディアルおよびインファンディブル・ヒポタラマスを含む.
結論:
- GHS-GPC-Rの相互作用は,脈動性GHの放出を調節する新しい神経内分泌経路を定義しています.
- GHSは,このGPC-Rを通じて作用する,まだ発見されていない内生ホルモンの作用を模倣することを提案しています.
関連する概念動画
Feedback Loops
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
Hormones and Bone Tissue
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Target Cell Response to Hormones
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
Regulation of Hormone Secretion
Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral stimuli,...
Humoral stimuli,...
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
Major Hormones and Their Functions
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.


