人間の呼吸道におけるアンモニア:インスパイアされた酸硫酸エアロゾールの中和
関連する実験動画
Updated: Sep 10, 2026
06:27
Fast and Accurate Exhaled Breath Ammonia Measurement
Published on: June 11, 2014
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 8, 1977
まとめ
人間における賞味期限のアンモニア濃度は,呼吸道セグメントによって異なるが,鼻よりも口の中で高い. インスパイアされた硫酸エアロゾールは,アンモニア塩であり,アンモニアと硫酸のモラ比率が1以上または1に等しい.
科学分野:
- 環境衛生 環境衛生 環境衛生
- 人間の生理学 人間生理学
- エアロゾール科学は,
背景:
- 人間の呼吸中のアンモニア (NH3) の濃度は様々です.
- 空気路のセグメントは,切れたガス組成に影響を与えます.
- 硫酸エアロゾールは,関連する環境汚染物質です.
研究 の 目的:
- 人間における満期アンモニア濃度を制御する要因を調査する.
- インスピレーションを受けた亜微小硫黄酸エアロゾールの化学組成を特徴付けるために.
主な方法:
- 賞味期限が切れたアンモニアの濃度を,異なる呼吸道部位で測定する.
- 吸出直後にインスパイアされた亜微細硫酸エアロゾール組成物のサンプルと分析.
主要な成果:
- 賞味期限切れのアンモニア濃度は7~520μg/m3であった.
- アンモニアの濃度は,鼻と比べると,口内では高かった.
- インスパイアされた硫酸エアロゾール (600 ± 100 μg/m3) は,アンモニアム塩として識別されました.
- 硫酸とアンモニアの平均モール比率は≥1.
結論:
- 最後の気道セグメントは,有効期限が切れたアンモニア濃度に大きな影響を与えます.
- 賞味期限のアンモニア濃度は,口腔経路と鼻経路によって異なります.
- 吐いた空気中の亜微小硫黄酸エアロゾールは主にアンモニアム塩として存在します.
関連する概念動画
01:07Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...
01:261° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
01:20Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
01:22Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
01:18Respiratory Regulation of Acid-Base Balance
Respiratory compensation is a vital physiological process that stabilizes blood plasma pH by regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), a key determinant of pH levels. Most carbon dioxide in the blood dissolves and converts into carbonic acid (H2CO3). It dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻). There is also an inverse relationship between PCO2 and pH.
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are produced, leading to a...
When carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, more H+ and HCO3⁻ are produced, leading to a...