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黄熱:再出現の10年
S E Robertson1, B P Hull, O Tomori
1Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
JAMA
|October 9, 1996
まとめ
世界的に黄熱の流行が増加しており,特にアフリカと南米では増加しています. 特にリスクの高いアフリカの国々で,広範囲にわたる黄熱ワクチン接種プログラムを実施することは,病気の制御に不可欠です.
科学分野:
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- 1980年代以降,アフリカと南米では黄熱が著しく復活している.
- 1987年~1991年は,1948年以来,世界保健機関 (WHO) に報告された黄熱の活動が最も高かった時期でした.
- アメリカ大陸におけるエデス・エジプティ蚊の都市化により,爆発的な流行の懸念が高まっています.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界的に黄熱の再出現を強調するために.
- 黄熱対策の強化の必要性を強調する.
- リスクの高い国のワクチン資金調達における課題に対処するため.
主な方法:
- 報告された黄熱病例と死亡者の分析.
- 旅行者の免疫接種率の評価.
- ワクチン統合に関する公衆衛生上の勧告のレビュー.
主要な成果:
- 1987年から1991年の間に,18,735件の症例と4,522件の死亡が報告されました.
- 黄熱は,南米の森林労働者にとって職業上の危険です.
- アフリカ黄熱病の症例では,子どもたちが不均衡に罹患しています.
結論:
- 黄熱ワクチン接種は,非常に効果的で費用対効果が高い.
- アフリカの33カ国で黄熱ワクチンを常規の予防接種プログラムに組み込むことが推奨されています.
- 黄熱ワクチンのための資金を確保することは,低所得国にとって重要な課題であり,国際的な支援が必要である.
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