マラウイ湖のシーストソミアシス
M S Cetron1, L Chitsulo, J J Sullivan
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|November 9, 1996
まとめ
マラウイ湖でスキストソミアシスの感染が起きており,以前は認識されていなかった場所です. レクリエーション用水の接触,特にケイプ・マクレアで,外国人や観光客にとって,シストソマ・ヘマトビウム感染のリスクを大幅に高めています.
科学分野:
- トロピカル・メディシン (熱帯医学)
- 寄生虫学とは,寄生虫学である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- 1992年,マラウイ湖のマクレア角でピースコープのボランティアの間で中枢神経系スキストソミアシスの症例が報告されました.
- これは,マラウイ湖がシストソミアシス無菌地域とみなされているにもかかわらず起こりました.
- これにより,マラウイ湖での伝播の可能性と感染リスクに関する調査が行われました.
研究 の 目的:
- マラウイ湖でシストソミアシスの伝染の可能性を決定する.
- 外国人および訪問者のスキストソミアシス感染リスクを評価する.
- リスクの増加に関連する特定の場所を特定する.
主な方法:
- 1993年にマラウイの亡命者と訪問者の横断的な調査が行われました.
- 参加者は,ELISAと免疫ブロットを使用して,シスタソマ・ヘマトビウムとシスタソマ・マンソニの血清発生率検査のために血液サンプルを提供しました.
- マラウイ湖の南西岸に沿ってスナックベクトルの調査が行われました.
主要な成果:
- 955人の参加者のうち,303人 (32%) がシスタソーム感染の血清学的証拠を示した.
- マラウィ湖に限られた淡水曝露を受けた人では,血清発生率は32% (141/440) であった.
- マラウィ湖のリゾート地での淡水曝露頻度とともに感染リスクが増加し,ケープ・マクレアが最も高い関連性を示した (OR 2.9).
- S. haematobiumの媒介体であるBulinus globosusの感染したスナックが,Cape Maclearや他の場所で見つかりました.
結論:
- Schistosoma haematobiumの感染は,マラウイの外国人および観光客の間で非常に一般的です.
- 人気のあるマラウイ湖のリゾート地でのレクリエーション用水の接触が感染源である可能性が高い.
- マラウイ湖は,以前はあまり認識されていなかった,スキストソミアシス感染の重要な場所です.
関連する概念動画
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...
American Trypanosomiasis
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a flagellated protozoan (kinetoplastid) of the family Trypanosomatidae. The disease is endemic in Latin America, although cases are increasingly reported worldwide due to human migration. Transmission most commonly occurs when feces of infected triatomine bugs contaminate bite wounds or mucosal surfaces; additional routes include congenital, transfusional, transplant-related, and oral...
Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
Antiprotozoal Agents
Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...


