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運動スキルの獲得に遺伝的および環境的貢献
P W Fox1, S L Hershberger, T J Bouchard
1Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA.
Nature
|November 28, 1996
まとめ
遺伝的要因は,運動スキルの習得と学習率に大きな影響を与えます. 練習はパフォーマンスを向上させ,その効果は遺伝的影響を高め,運動学習における環境変動を減少させる.
科学分野:
- 行動神経科学は,行動神経科学である.
- 人間の遺伝学 人間の遺伝学
- モーター・ラーニング (Motor Learning) とは
背景:
- フィードバックによる練習は,運動スキルの習得に不可欠ですが,改善の個別の差異は残っています.
- 遺伝子と環境要因が運動学習に与える相対的な影響については,議論が続いている.
- 以前の双子の研究では,運動能力の個別の違いの主な要因として遺伝が示唆されていた.
研究 の 目的:
- 別々に育てられた双子の運動技能獲得と学習率の遺伝性を調査する.
- 実践が,運動能力における遺伝的および環境的要因の相互作用にどのように影響するかを決定する.
- 運動学習における個々の差異における遺伝と環境の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- ロータリー・フォースティング (RP) タスクを利用した. これは,事実上純粋な運動学習の尺度である.
- 遺伝的および環境的影響を解き放つために分離して育てられた単胞胎 (MZA) と二胞胎 (DZA) の双子を研究した.
- 初期段階および実践中のパフォーマンス遺伝性と学習率を分析した.
主要な成果:
- ロータリー追跡タスクの初期段階からパフォーマンスの高い遺伝性が観察されました.
- 継続的な練習により,パフォーマンスの継承性が増加しました.
- 運動学習の割合は,著しく遺伝性があることが判明しました.
結論:
- 遺伝的要因は,初期運動能力と学習速度の両方において重要な役割を果たします.
- 練習は,運動能力に対する遺伝的傾向の影響を増幅するように見えます.
- 前回の学習などの環境の変化は,実践が進むにつれて効果が低下し,遺伝的影響の支配性が増加していることを強調しています.
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