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エチオピア・ゴナにある250万年前の石器
1Department of Anthropology, Douglass Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA. semaw@eden.rutgers.edu
Nature
|January 23, 1997
まとめ
エチオピア・ゴナで発見された260万~250万年前の最も古い石器は,オルドワンの洗練された技術を示しています. この発見は,初期の人類の道具開発における技術的な停滞が驚くほど長く続いたことを示している.
科学分野:
- 考古学考古学とは
- 古代人類学は,古人類学である.
- 地質学 地質学 地質学
背景:
- オルドワンの石器産業は,初期の人工石器によって特徴づけられ,以前は東アフリカで230万年前 (ミール) と見積もられていた.
- タンザニアのオルドヴァイ峡谷,ケニアとエチオピアのオモとトルカナ地域での発見は,オルドワンの道具の初期のタイムラインを確立しました.
研究 の 目的:
- エチオピアのゴナ川流域のオルドワンの集積を調査する.
- 放射性同位体および磁石層学法を用いて,これらの初期の石器の正確な年代測定を確立する.
- ゴナ遺物の技術的な洗練度を評価するために.
主な方法:
- エチオピアのゴナ研究地域でのフィールドワーク (1992-1994).
- 考古学的な発掘と石器の組み立て物の発見.
- 放射性同位体年代測定と磁気極性層図を用いて,年代測定を行う.
主要な成果:
- オルドワンの石器の発見は,確実に260万年前から250万年前と年代付けされています.
- これらのゴナ遺物は,世界的に知られている最も古い人造の石器を代表しています.
- 道具は,石の破裂メカニズムを高度に制御しており,若いオルドワンの組み立てに匹敵します.
結論:
- ゴナの発見は,石器製造の最古の証拠を少なくとも30万年前に後退させる.
- これらの最古の道具の技術的な洗練は,初期のホミニンに高度な認知能力があることを示唆しています.
- この研究は,オルドワンの産業における技術的な停滞の長い期間を示し,急速な技術的進歩に関する以前の仮定に異議を唱える.
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