カリフォルニア州ノースリッジで発生した地震の後に発生したコクシオイドマイコシスの発生
E Schneider1, R A Hajjeh, R A Spiegel
1Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Community Disease Control, County of San Diego Department of Health Services, CA, USA.
JAMA
|March 19, 1997
まとめ
1994年のベンチュラ郡での地震はコクシオイドマイコシスの発生を引き起こし,山崩れによる塵雲が真菌胞子を拡散させた. これらの塵雲への曝露は,特に高齢者の感染リスクを大幅に増加させた.
科学分野:
- 環境微生物学 環境微生物学
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- コクシオイドミコシス (Coccidioidomycosis) は,アメリカ大陸の乾燥地帯に固有の真菌感染症である.
- 地震は土壌を混乱させ,空中に真菌胞子を放出し,感染リスクを増加させる可能性があります.
- 1994年のノースリッジ地震は,地震がコクシオイドマイコシス感染に及ぼす影響を研究する機会を提供した.
研究 の 目的:
- 1994年の地震後にベンチュラ郡で発生したコクシオイドマイコシスの発生を調査するために.
- 発症中に急性コッシディオイドマイコシス感染症に罹患するリスク要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 集団ベースの皮膚検査調査を含む疫学調査.
- 感染の危険因子を評価するためのケース・コントロール研究.
- 地震で発生した塵雲に関連した環境データとケース分布の分析.
主要な成果:
- ベンチュラ郡では1994年1月24日から3月15日までの間に,死者3人を含む203例のコクシオイドマイコシスが確認された.
- シミバレーは,最も高い攻撃率 (100,000人に114件) を経験し,地震の2週間後に症例がピークに達しました.
- 塵雲 (オッズ比,3.0) に曝露し,その中に過ごした時間は,コクシオイドマイコシスのリスクを大幅に増加させ,40歳以上の個人は2.8倍以上のリスクを持っていた.
結論:
- 発生の場所とタイミングは,感染源としてCoccidioides arthrosporesを運ぶ地震で発生した塵雲を強く示唆しています.
- これは,地震に関連したコクシオイドマイコシスの発生が初めて文書化されています.
- 防ぎ方と早期発見のために,塵が生み出す事象の後,流行地域における公衆と医師の意識の向上は極めて重要です.
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