進化的に安定した生命の歴史のためのトレードオフ不変規則

E L Charnov¹

¹Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA.

Nature

|May 22, 1997

まとめ

進化的生態学モデルは,生命の歴史の特徴に関する普遍的な規則を明らかにしています. 自然淘汰は,特定の制約とは無関係に,トレードオフが -1 の傾きを持つ場合に最適な特性の値を駆動します.

科学分野:

進化の生態学進化の生態学とは
生命の歴史理論生命史理論
数学生物学数学生物学について

背景:

最適化モデルは,生物の特徴を予測するために,進化的生態学において極めて重要です.
既存のモデルは,結果を予測するために特定のトレードオフ関数に依存することが多い.
以前の研究では,いくつかの最適な特性の範囲は,トレードオフの詳細から独立していることが示されました.

研究の目的:

成長しない,年齢構造化された集団における生命史の属性を調査する.
生命史の重要な特徴の進化を左右する普遍的な数学的規則を特定する.
最適な特性の値が特定のトレードオフ関数から独立しているかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

年齢構造化された集団の最適化モデルを開発.
ライフヒストリー属性間のトレードオフ関係を分析した.
繁殖年齢,子孫のサイズ,生殖努力などの特性の2つの選択肢の間の割り当て問題に焦点を当てた.

主要な成果:

均衡に進化する3つの主要な生命史属性 (最初の繁殖時の年齢,子孫のサイズ,生殖努力) を特定しました.
これらの属性は,普遍的な数学的規則を満たす:トレードオフの傾きは,最適では-1です.
この -1 の傾きは,トレードオフ関係の他のほとんどの側面から独立しています.

結論:

自然選択は,トレードオフの傾きが -1. 1である均衡値を好む.
この発見は,さまざまな生命史の特徴に適用できる普遍的な原則を提供します.
根本的な経済構造は,性別比率の進化に類似しています.

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