Saccharomyces cerevisiae染色体XVIのヌクレオチド配列について
H Bussey1, R K Storms, A Ahmed
1Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. hbussey@monod.biol.mcgill.ca
Nature
|May 29, 1997
まとめ
酵母菌の完全なゲノム配列が,XVI染色体の決定により,現在入手可能になっています. この最後の染色体は,新しい遺伝子とヒトの遺伝子製品との類似性を明らかにし,酵母生物学の研究を進めています.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- イースト遺伝学 イースト遺伝学
背景:
- 染色体XVIは,最後に確認された酵母染色体でした.
- GAL4,PEP4,RAD1などの重要な遺伝子は,XVI染色体に位置しています.
- イーストの染色体構造を理解することは,分子生物学にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 酵母染色体XVIの完全なニュクレオチド配列を決定する.
- 染色体XVIの遺伝子内容と構造を分析する.
- タンパク質をコードする潜在的な遺伝子,tRNA遺伝子,およびXVI染色体上の小核RNA遺伝子を特定する.
主な方法:
- ハイ・スループット・シーケンシングで,XVI染色体の核酸配列を決定する.
- 生物情報分析は,潜在的なタンパク質をコードする遺伝子,tRNA遺伝子,および小核RNA遺伝子を特定します.
- 他の酵母染色体やヒトの遺伝子製品との重複や類似性を特定するための比較ゲノム分析.
主要な成果:
- 染色体XVIの948,061塩基対のヌクレオチド配列が決定され,酵母遺伝子の配列が完了しました.
- 染色体XVIには487の潜在的なタンパク質をコードする遺伝子,17のtRNA遺伝子,2つの小さな核RNA遺伝子が含まれています.
- 染色体XVI遺伝子の27%とヒト遺伝子の産物との間に有意な類似性が発見され,48%が新規であり,機能は不明でした.
結論:
- 染色体XVIの配列は,酵母菌の全ゲノム配列を完了する.
- 染色体XVIは,重複した典型的な大型酵母染色体構造を示しています.
- 新たに発見された遺伝子や,ヒト製品に類似した遺伝子は,酵母生物学の将来の機能研究のための基礎となる.
関連する概念動画
Yeast Signaling
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
Karyotyping
Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Chromosome Structure
A functional eukaryotic chromosome must contain three elements: a centromere, telomeres, and numerous origins of replication.
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
The centromere is a DNA sequence that links sister chromatids. This is also where kinetochores, protein complexes to which spindle microtubules attach, are constructed after the chromosome is replicated. The kinetochores allow the spindle microtubules to move the chromosomes within the cell during cell division.
Telomeres consist of non-coding repetitive nucleotide...
Histone Variants at the Centromere
Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
X and Y Chromosomes
Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...


