ベンゾジアゼピン使用と高齢者の自動車事故のリスク
B Hemmelgarn1, S Suissa, A Huang
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University and Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
JAMA
|July 2, 1997
まとめ
半減期が長いベンゾジアゼピンは,高齢のドライバーの衝突リスクを増加させますが,半減期が短いベンゾジアゼピンはそうではありません. この研究は,高齢者の運転の安全性において,薬剤の種類が重要であることを強調しています.
科学分野:
- ゲリアトリック薬理学
- 交通安全に関する研究
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
背景:
- ベンゾジアゼピンの使用は高齢者の間で一般的であり,潜在的に運転能力を低下させ,自動車事故 (MVC) のリスクを増加させる可能性があります.
- ベンゾジアゼピンと運転リスクに関する以前の研究では,薬物の半減期と使用期間が異なるため,不一致な結果が得られました.
研究 の 目的:
- ベンゾジアゼピン使用 (排出半減期によって区分) と高齢のドライバーの怪我を伴う自動車事故のリスクとの関連性を調査する.
主な方法:
- ケベック,カナダの67歳から84歳の224,734人のドライバーのコホート (1990-1993) を分析し,ネストされたケース・コントロール研究設計が採用されました.
- データソースには,運転免許証のファイル,負傷事故に関する警察の報告,健康保険の記録が含まれていました.
- 症例は,負傷事故に巻き込まれたドライバー (n=5579) であり,サブコホート (n=13,256) からケースごとにランダムにサンプルを採取した10人の対照群であった.
主要な成果:
- 半減期が長いベンゾジアゼピンの短期使用は,事故への関与率の比率が45%増加した (RR,1.45;95%CI,1.04-2.03).
- 半減期が長いベンゾジアゼピンの長期使用 (最大1年) は,有意な,しかしわずかに低いリスクの増加を示した (RR,1.26;95%CI,1.09〜1.45).
- 半減期が短いベンゾジアゼピンの開始または継続的な使用では,事故のリスクの増加は観察されなかった.
結論:
- 半減期が長いベンゾジアゼピンの短期的または長期的曝露は,高齢のドライバーの自動車事故のリスクの増加と関連しています.
- 半減期が短いベンゾジアゼピンは,この高齢者集団において,事故に巻き込まれるリスクが高くなかった.
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