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What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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No description available
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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No description available
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甲殻類の付属体の進化は,ホックス遺伝子発現の変化と関連しています.

M Averof1, N H Patel

  • 1Wellcome/CRC Institute, Cambridge, UK.

Nature
|August 14, 1997
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

甲殻類におけるホメオティック (ホックス) 遺伝子発現の変化は,四肢の改変と相関する. これは,ホックス遺伝子の調節の変化が,節足類の体型に重大な進化的変化をもたらすことを示唆している.

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科学分野:

  • 発達生物学 発達生物学とは
  • 進化生物学の進化生物学について
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは

背景:

  • ホメオティック (ホックス) 遺伝子は,昆虫のセグメントアイデンティティに不可欠です.
  • Hox遺伝子の機能を変化させることで,節足類の体プランの変化を誘導すると仮定されている.
  • ホックス遺伝子の変化と形態学的進化を結びつける直接的な証拠は限られている.

研究 の 目的:

  • 甲殻類の肢進化におけるホックス遺伝子発現の変化の役割を調査する.
  • 特定のホックス遺伝子 (Ubx,Abda) の変化と形態学的変化を相関させる.
  • 適応的進化的変化におけるホックス遺伝子調節の直接的な証拠を提供すること.

主な方法:

  • 異なる甲殻類種におけるホックス遺伝子発現パターンの比較分析.
  • 遺伝子発現データと,胸の四肢における観察された形態学的差異の相関.
  • Ultrabithorax (Ubx) とAbdominal-A (AbdA) のホックス遺伝子にフォーカスする.

主要な成果:

  • Ubx 遺伝子と AbdA 遺伝子の変化した発現パターンの間の有意な相関が観察されました.
  • これらの表現の変化は,前胸前肢がマキシリペッド (餌を与える付属体) に変化したことに対応する.
  • Hox遺伝子の調節と関節足類における主要な形態学的変化の間の直接的な関連性を示した.

結論:

  • ホックス遺伝子の調節の変化は,関節足類の体計画における重要な形態学的変化と関連しています.
  • ホメオティック遺伝子調節は,節足類の体分割の適応的進化において重要な役割を果たしている可能性が高い.
  • この研究は,進化の多様化におけるホックス遺伝子の役割を支持する直接的な証拠を提供します.