世界的な結核対策の評価. WHOグローバル・サーベイランス・アンド・モニタリング・プロジェクト
M C Raviglione1, C Dye, S Schmidt
1Global Tuberculosis Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. RaviglioneM@who.ch
Lancet (London, England)
|August 30, 1997
まとめ
世界保健機関 (WHO) の結核対策戦略を用いた全国結核 (TB) プログラムでは,治癒率の改善が示されています. しかし,より広範な実施は,結核の制御に重大な世界的な影響を与えるために不可欠です.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 感染症のコントロール・コントロール
背景:
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) は,結核 (TB) 制御の取り組みを評価するために,1995年に世界的な監視プロジェクトを開始しました.
- これまでの世界規模での結核対策の評価は不十分であった.
- このプロジェクトは,国内における結核対策プログラムと,WHOの結核対策戦略の採用を評価することを目的とした.
研究 の 目的:
- 国内TBプログラムのパフォーマンスを世界的に評価する.
- WHOの結核対策戦略の実施程度を決定する.
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) の戦略が適用されている地域と適用されていない地域における結核対策の成果を比較する.
主な方法:
- データ収集用フォームは,1996年に216の国/地域に送られた.
- 求められた情報には,結核対策方針,1995年の症例報告,1994年の治療結果が含まれていた.
- プログラムのパフォーマンスは,症例報告と推定された罹患率を比較し,治療の結果を分析することによって評価されました.
主要な成果:
- 180カ国 (83%) が回答し,世界人口の98%を占めた.
- WHOの結核対策戦略は1995年までに75カ国で実施された.
- WHOの戦略を適用する国では,唾液・唾液陽性結核症例の割合が高く (54%対30%) 報告され,治療の成功率が著しく向上した (76%対42%).
結論:
- 世界保健機関 (WHO) の戦略を採用した国内TBプログラムでは,治癒率が高いことが示されています.
- WHOの戦略は,現在のカバー面に基づいて,世界全体に与える影響は,控えめです.
- WHOの結核対策戦略の拡大・継続的な実施は,効果的な世界的な結核対策に不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
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01:23Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...