シリアルリストのメモリ処理は,鳩,猿,人間によって行われます
A A Wright1, H C Santiago, S F Sands
1Sensory Sciences Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77030, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 19, 1985
まとめ
鳩,猿,人間における記憶回復は,時間とともに変化します. 連続位置効果は増加からU形に変化し,その後減少し,保持間隔があり,種特有の学習率を示します.
科学分野:
- 認知心理学とは,認知心理学である.
- 比較認知とは,比較認知である.
- 動物の行動 動物の行動
背景:
- 記憶のプロセスを理解することは,認知科学にとって極めて重要です.
- 比較研究は,認知に関する進化的洞察を明らかにする.
- シリアル位置効果は,リスト内の項目の位置に基づいてメモリリコールを記述します.
研究 の 目的:
- リストメモリと,異なる種 (鳩,猿,人間) の連続位置効果を調査する.
- 記憶保持間隔が記憶のリコールパターンにどのように影響するかを調べる.
- 種間の記憶の変化の時間経過を比較するために.
主な方法:
- 鳩,サル,そして人間は,視覚的な4つのアイテムのリストを思い出してテストされました.
- ビジュアルアイテムには,動物のための旅のスライドと,人間のためのカレイドスコップのパターンが含まれていました.
- 記憶のリコールの変化を観察するために,保持間隔を体系的に増加させました.
主要な成果:
- シリアル位置関数の形状は,保持間隔が増加するにつれて一貫して変化しました.
- 短い間隔では,リコールが単調に増加し,中間の間隔ではU形になり,長い間隔では単調に減少した.
- これらの記憶の変化の速度は,鳩では最も速く,サルでは中途半端で,人間では最も遅かった.
結論:
- メモリリコールダイナミクス,特にシリアル位置効果は,種によって保存されますが,時間的なダイナミクスでは異なります.
- 記憶のリコールパターンが,記憶の保持間隔を増加させるのに適応するスピードは,種によって異なります.
- この研究は,時間の経過とともに記憶表現の柔軟性についての比較的証拠を提供します.
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