タンパク質ファミリーに関するゲノム学的視点
R L Tatusov1, E V Koonin, D J Lipman
1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.
まとめ
研究者は,様々なゲノムにわたるタンパク質を比較することによって,保存された遺伝子を720の正統群 (COG) に分類しました. この枠組みは,遺伝子機能と進化的関係を理解するのに役立ちます,特に特徴が悪いゲノムについてです.
科学分野:
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- バイオインフォマティックス
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
背景:
- ゲノムシーケンシングは急速に進歩し,膨大な量のデータを生成しています.
- ホモロジーに基づいて保存された遺伝子を分類することは,最大限の情報を抽出するために重要です.
- ホモロジックな関係を理解することは,機能的および進化的ゲノム分析に役立ちます.
研究 の 目的:
- 保存された遺伝子を同類の関係によって分類する.
- 機能的および進化的ゲノム分析のための枠組みを確立する.
- 機能的予測を可能にするために,悪質に特徴づけられたゲノム.
主な方法:
- 5つの主要な系統遺伝子の7つの完全なゲノムにコード化されたタンパク質の比較分析.
- シーケンスの類似性の一貫したパターンの解明.
- オーソロジスト・グループ (COG) のクラスターの描写.
主要な成果:
- オーソロジスト・グループ (COG) の720のクラスターが描かれました.
- 各COGは,少なくとも3つの系統からオートロゴスタンパク質またはパラログを含む.
- オーソロジストは通常,同じ機能を共有することが判明しました.
結論:
- COGは,機能的および進化的ゲノム分析のための枠組みを提供します.
- 機能的な情報はCOG内で転送され,非特徴化されたゲノムの予測に役立ちます.
- この分類システムは,ゲノム配列データの蓄積の有用性を高めます.
関連する概念動画
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Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
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A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
Gene Families
Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Protein Families
Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism. Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members. If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
Conservation of Protein Domains
Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain. Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...
A limited set of protein domains often duplicate and recombine during evolution. These domains can be organized in different combinations to form...


