旅行者のマラリア予防に関する最新情報
1Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. hol1@cdc.gov
JAMA
|December 5, 1997
まとめ
医療従事者はマラリア予防について,特に旅行者のために,常に最新情報を得なければなりません. メフロキンは推奨されますが,耐性および副作用は,代替品の慎重な検討と合理的な薬物使用を必要とします.
科学分野:
- 医学科学 医学科学 医学科学 医学科学
- トロピカル・メディシン (熱帯医学)
- 薬理学 薬理学とは
背景:
- マラリアが流行している地域への国際旅行は,旅行者のためのマラリア予防戦略を更新する必要があります.
- 抗マラリア薬の薬剤耐性および耐受性プロファイルの進化は,定期的なガイドラインのレビューを必要とします.
- クロロクイン耐性プラズモディウムファルシパラムマラリアに対する予防には特に注意が必要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 旅行者のためのマラリア予防 (化学予防) の現在の勧告をレビューする.
- 一般的に使用される抗マラリア薬の有効性,耐受性,および限界について議論する.
- 合理的な薬物使用と将来の薬物開発の必要性を強調する.
主な方法:
- マラリアの化学予防療法に関する現在のガイドラインと文献のレビュー.
- プラズモディアム・ファルシパラムの薬物感受性のパターンの分析.
- 抗マラリア薬の有害作用プロファイルと禁忌の評価.
主要な成果:
- メフロキンは,東南アジアで耐性菌が現れており,副作用に関する逸話的な懸念があるにもかかわらず,ほとんどの旅行者が好む予防薬です.
- ドキシサイクリンは代替品ですが,毎日投与する必要がありますし,禁忌があります.
- クロロクインは特定の地域 (中央アメリカ,カリブ海,中東の一部) のみ有効です.
結論:
- 既存の抗マラリア薬の合理的な使用は,新しい薬の開発が限られているため,その有効性を延長するために不可欠です.
- 新しい抗マラリア薬の継続的な研究と開発は,将来のマラリア予防に不可欠です.
- 医療従事者は,旅行者の安全を確保するために,現在のマラリア予防ガイドラインを熟知している必要があります.
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