マース・パスファインダーによる大気構造調査/気象学 (ASI/MET) 実験
J T Schofield1, J R Barnes, D Crisp
1J. T. Schofield and D. Crisp, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 31, 1997
まとめ
マース・パスファインダー (Mars Pathfinder) は,火星の探査機である.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 火星気象学 火星気象学
背景:
- マース・パスファインダーミッションは,火星の大気条件に関する貴重なデータを提供した.
- バイキング1ランダー (VL-1) のような以前のミッションは,火星の天候のベースラインを確立しました.
- 火星の大気を理解することは,将来の探査と居住可能性の研究に不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 火星の大気の垂直構造 (密度,圧力,温度) を最大160kmまで測定する.
- 表面気象学と気候を83の火星の太陽にわたって監視するために.
- 現在の火星の大気データを,バイキング1着陸機の歴史的記録と比較する.
主な方法:
- マース・パスファインダー着陸機の大気構造調査/気象学 (ASI/MET) 実験を利用した.
- 大気密度,気圧,気温のプロフィールに関するデータを収集します.
- 風,気温,圧力の変動を含む観測される地表気象現象.
主要な成果:
- 大気構造と気象パターンは,バイキング1号着陸機の観測結果と類似している.
- 観測された差異には,夜間の上層大気圏の寒さと,より温暖な地表温度 (10〜12 Kの上昇) が含まれる.
- 異なる圧力,風,および温度シグネチャを通して,傾斜制御された風と塵の悪魔を特定しました.
結論:
- 火星の大気は,以前VL-1が示唆したように,温かく,適度な塵のある環境と一致しています.
- 昼間の影響と着陸地点の表面特性は,大気条件に影響します.
- Mars Pathfinderのデータは,火星の大気動力学と火星の気候についての理解を深める.
関連する概念動画
01:18Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
01:13Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview
Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
01:26Impact: Problem Solving
In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
01:15Torque Free Motion
The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...